100 Fruit Fanning for Profit in California, 



trial opulence of Pennsylvania. The products of these 

 furnish a foundation of growth and prosperity upon 

 which other industries stand as a superstructure. Coal 

 and ii'on are found in large quantities in that State. 

 They are found contiguous. Theii^ extraction is eco- 

 nomic, and their relation to and interdependence upon 

 each other furnish the opportunity of founding a great 

 industrial empire upon them as a material basis. 



The commercial relation between all parts of the 

 world grows constantly more intimate. "With that in- 

 timacy the competition between climates and soils, and 

 mines, in fact all elements of production, becomes more 

 intense. The iron and coal mines of Pennsylvania and 

 the resultant products of the labour founded upon these, 

 added to the geographical position of Pennsylvania, 

 enable that commonwealth to place the products of iron 

 and coal in the markets of the United States advan- 

 tao:eouslv. with reference to the connoetition oftered bv 

 other localities. The Government has extended to the 

 iron industry in the United States a vast subsidy in 

 the way of protection. Thus the basis industry of the 

 commonwealth of Pennsylvania is under the fostering 

 care of the Government. The economic facts control- 

 ling the product of iron and coal in the United States 

 make Pennsylvania practically independent as to the 

 effect of domestic competition. A protective tariff re- 

 lating to iron and its products emphasizes that industry, 

 and relieves its products from foreign comj)etition at 

 least in the home market. ^ The superiority of advan- 

 tage becomes a guaranty of permanency. The products 

 of coal and iron in Pennsylvania confer upon the people 

 of that commonwealth a purchasing capacity, and an 



