9 



Tn 1818 Mr. T. Baldwin, gardener to the Marquis 

 of Hertford, at Ragley, in Warwickshire, printed 

 " Short Practical Directions for the Culture of the 

 Ananas," but as he asked a guinea for those few pages 

 he sold very few ; though of manuscript copies, at a 

 lower price, he disposed of a considerable number. 

 He was considered the best pine grower of his days, 

 but we consider his directions in no particular superior 

 to those by Mr. Griffin. 



x\bout the time that Mr. Baldwin wrote, Mr. An- 

 drews, market gardener, of Vauxhall, adopted steam 

 as a mode of heating his pine stoves and pits. 



One of the earliest, if not the earliest instance of 

 steam being used as a bottom heat, with which we are 

 acquainted, was that by Mr. Butler, gardener to the 

 Earl of Derby, at Knowlesly, near Liverpool, in or 

 about 1792. It had been used twenty years before, 

 but chiefly for other purposes. Speedily, in 1796, 

 knew only two instances in which steam was applied 

 as bottom heat. 



Mr. John Hay, horticultural architect, also tried 

 the use of steam as early as 1 794, when gardener at 

 Preston Hall, near Edinburgh, and he says the appli- 

 cation of steam to forcing houses early caught his at- 

 tention. The first that he designed and executed in 

 Scotland on this plan, was at Preston Hall, in Mid- 

 Lothian, in the year 1794. The fruiting pine stove, 

 which is in the general suit of houses, with two peach 



