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bottom thrown to the top, that all the parts may be 

 well mixed. This is so peculiarly essential, that if 

 the heap be not thus exposed, the compost would be 

 far from effecting the proposed advantage to the 

 plants. It is necessary that the above compost 

 should remain a year in this heap or ridge. When 

 you make use of this compost, it is not advisable to 

 screen it for the pine plant, unless there are stones in 

 it ; but, in a general way, the soil should only be 

 broken fine with the spade and hands ; for, when 

 fine screened or sifted, it becomes too compact for 

 the roots of the plants. {Griffin on Fine Apple, 23). 



Mr. Baldwin, who wrote in 1818, directs the pine 

 cultivator to strip off the turf from old pasture or 

 meadow ground, and dig to the depth of six or eight 

 inches, according to the goodness of the soil, draw 

 the whole together to some convenient place, and 

 mix it with one-half good rotten dung, frequently 

 turn it over for twelve months, and it will be fit for 

 use. This is the only compost either for young or 

 old plants. {Baldwin on Pine Apple). 



Mr. Glendinning recommends a compost formed of 

 turfy loam, of mould and fresh deer or sheep dung, 

 forming them into a square heap in layers, putting 

 three barrows of dung to six of loam and one of 

 leaf or vegetable mould, and continuing to put the 

 one after the other, until the heap is three feet high. 

 No other preparation will be necessary, as it will be 



