56 



be made more profitable and easy by the improvement 

 of appliances, and the substitution of steam or other 

 power for manual labor ; but, if I have shewn that, by 

 the labor of the hands alone, this industry can on a 

 moderate scale be successfully and profitably conducted, 

 the rest will follow in the ordinary course, and the im- 

 proved appliances will be the result of experience, and 

 may be paid for out of profits. 



After manufacture the oil is finally deposited in 

 stone jars or in tanks to facilitate the deposit of im- 

 purities which are still held in suspension. Air and light 

 are both excluded, as they would tend to decomposition 

 and rancidity. In a few months the clear oil is racked 

 off into fresh jars for stock, or into other packages for 

 the market ; while the inferior is sold for soap-making, 

 lighting, lubricating, or other such purposes. 



The ultimate quality of the oil depends much on the 

 nature of the places selected for its storage. Gallipoli, 

 which is one of the greatest oil depots of the world, 

 owes this advantage to the fact that it is built on rock 

 of such quality as to furnish, at the labor only of excava- 

 tion, admirable chambers for the reception of oil, which 

 there clarifies sooner and keeps sweet longer than in any 

 other place. The oil which in its turbid state arrives 

 at these depots black and utterly unfit for market, in 

 time becomes bright and yellow without any help from 

 man. Great care is taken to keep the several qualities 

 or stages distinct. (See Chapter X.) 



