77- 



— Is a piece of hardwood of box or green oak, about nearly the 

 diameter of tlie base of the millstone, and joined with the 

 lower beam with the aid of strong spikes or screws. 



G. — The millstone. It is generally about five or six inches in 



thickness, and four or five feet in height. The weightier 

 this perpendicular mill is, the better the husks are crushed ; 

 and it is from the greater division of the particles that depends 

 more or less the profit to be made by this kind of mill. It 

 has two motions, one inside on the beam, and the other on 

 beam D, and consequently on it. It ought to be of granite ; 

 but in certain localities people are obliged to use common 

 marble. 



H. — Base of the beam shod with iron, revolving in an iron, or, 



what is still better, a bronze pedestal. 



II. — An opening made in the wall, large enough for the horizontal 

 wheel XK, which is put in motion, by the fall of the water 

 coming from the canal M. 



KK. — Horizontal wheel provided with small palettes or cogs, 

 against which the. water strikes with force, and to which it 

 communicates the motion. These small palettes ought to be 

 cut in the shape of a spoon, in order to offer the water a 

 greater resistance. 



LL. — The above-mentioned little troughs or palettes. 



MM. — Canal that carries the water towards the wheel ELK. 

 The quickness of rotation of wheel K, as well as naturally of 

 beam D, and the millstone C, depend on the volume of water 

 coming from canal MM. It is not advisable to allow the 

 motion to be too rapid, for we must give the millstone time 

 to crush the husks and extract from them the oil ; for, if it 

 passed too rapidly over this paste, a part of the oil already 

 squeezed out would be re-absorbed, and the aim would be 

 incomplete. 



IsN.— Canal of escape, beginning at the surface of the water on 

 the press C. The remainder of the parenchyma of the skin of 

 the fruit floating on the top of the water, as well as the other 

 little particles of oil that are dragged along by the motion of 

 the millstone, come into this canal, which is constructed in 

 zigzag, in order to prevent the water from rushing too 

 quickly into the reservoir P ; also, in order that this water 

 should not in its fall stir up the dregs that are at the bottom 

 of the reservoir opposite the mouth of the canal, it is well to 

 put a piece of wood, 00 ; it helps to break the force of the 

 water. 



00. — Block of wood, generally taken from the stem of a tree. 

 It is generally fastened at the bottom of the wall, so as to be 

 immovable. 



P. — First reservoir or tank, made either of stone or brickwork, 

 It has to be the largest of all, and is generally ten feet in 

 length by eight feet in breadth. It is also as well to have 

 also a roof over, to prevent any filth from falling into it. 

 The roof is not in the plan, but it is easy to fancy one. 



Q. — If the water was allowed to flow above the reservoir, it would 

 carry along with it oleaginous particles and the remainder of 

 the husks that float on the top, To avoid this real loss, there 



