78 



is made a valve Q, that can be opened or shut at one's will, 

 and leads from the middle part of the reservoir by the pipe 



R. — Pipe leading from tub P to tub S, where the water in flowing 

 encounters a block of wood similar to the one described in 

 the other reservoir. 



S. — Another basin similar to the first, but in this one the water 

 flows directly into the third basin T, and this one into the 

 fourth, X. The communication of these three last basins is 

 at the centre, as is seen in Y. One could, if thought proper, 

 even add another reservoir. 



Z. — The same valve lets escape the water in V and in Z, by lift- 

 ing it more or less. It is only lifted when one wants to 

 clean it out. 



The water that flows from the upper part of the basin CC is only 

 charged with the remnants of the fruits, and a little oil, and 

 also some little particles detached from the kernel of the 

 fruit, known under the name of black crust ; the other parts 

 of the kernel do not come to the top, but remain at the 

 bottom of the basin. But as they (the remainder) might, 

 and do really retain little bits of fruit, it is necessary not to 

 lose these particles ; to this purpose a hole is made in the 

 wall at the bottom of the tower, that communicates by hole 2 

 with wall 3, and comes out into canal No. 4, that carries the 

 water and the rest of the fruit, known under the name of 

 white crust, into basin 5, which basin is also provided like 

 the other ones with a valve, 6. Basins 7 and 8 are filled also 

 in the same way, and also as many other ones as one wished 

 to build. 



The last basins give, as a rule, very little oil, it is true ; but as it 

 is no outlay to gather even this small quantity, this little is 

 a net profit. 



Such is the shape of the mill ; let us see how it has to be worked. 

 The husks of the Olives, after having been crushed in the 

 ordinary mill, are spread on the floor of the refining mill, to 

 be taken from there into the vats. When there is a sufficient 

 quantity in the vat, the mill is set in motion for a quarter of 

 an hour, so that the crust (husk) is crushed another time. 

 After this stopper B is opened to let in some water, and the 

 wheel is made to turn again. The force of the water rushing 

 rapidly, and that of the mill, serve to dissolve more com- 

 pletely the husks ; more water is added to turn the wheel, 

 and at last all the water is let loose. The black crust rises 

 to the surface, and the water flowing through canal N drags 

 it into the different basins P, S, T, X. When it appears 

 that the water drags no more particles of black crust, the 

 valve No. 2, at the bottom, is opened, and then the water 

 carries off' the white crust into the basins 5, 7, 8. When 

 the water of these black and white crusts have arrived into 

 their respective basins, or otherwise when the vat is emptied 

 of whatever kind of crust, the valve JNo. 2 is shut as well the 

 cock B, and the vat is replenished with husks. 



While this operation is going on again, a man placed near the basins, 

 armed with a long pole at the extremity of which there is a 



