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and sheep dung ; but the best of all for sandy soils is 

 night-soil. But raw, unripened, hot manures of any 

 kind are as bad for this tree as they are for most others. 

 There is nothing to equal a good old compost heap ; and 

 where the materials are procurable, it will well repay 

 the labor and first cost to make one. This is best 

 effected by excavating a hole of sufficient dimensions, 

 into which should be thrown sheep and fowl dung, stable 

 manure, soot, ashes, refuse fat, scraps of leather, hoofs, 

 mine, leaves and weeds, and other substances which will 

 ferment and rot. The heap should be occasionally turned 

 until thoroughly incorporated ; and when mature, which 

 will probably not be for twelve months, may with great 

 advantage be applied to the trees, being well turned in 

 under the surface. I am told bv a gentleman resident 

 among us, that in the south of Prance, old rags of all 

 kinds, including woollens, are largely used for manuring 

 the Olive. 



I have said elsewhere that the Olive likes limestone 

 ridges ; and, therefore, an addition of lime to the com- 

 post heap, or its separate application, will soon make its 

 effects visible in the healthy appearance and more 

 vigorous growth of the trees. 



Having spoken of the value of a compost heap, I 

 cannot leave the subject of manures, without remarking 

 upon the prodigal waste of excellent material which is 

 constantly going on upon our farms by burning the rub- 

 bish "out of the way." Ey this system, a vast amount 

 of excellent fertilizing material is every year destroyed. 

 There is no farm so small that it could not devote an 

 odd corner or two for a rubbish-heap. To this should be 

 carried the refuse matter of every description from the 

 farm — everything, whether vegetable or animal, that 

 will ferment and consolidate into manure. This will only 

 involve the extra labor of cartage, which will be repaid 

 a hundred-fold. It has been objected that, in this dry 

 climate, such heaps would take a long time to ferment 

 into a fit state for use. But what does this really 

 matter ? By adopting this system it will be found that 



