134 TREATISE ON THE CULTURE AND 



weather ; these must well stirred together, putting water to 

 them after the manner of making mortar ; it should be hol- 

 lowed like a diah, filled with water, and kept every other day- 

 stirred ; but it ought to be remembered, that it should not be 

 exposed to the frost, or drying winds ; and the oftener it is 

 stirred and wrought the better. 



Of late years, some persons have made use of another 

 composition for grafting, which they have found to answer the 

 intention of keepmg out the air be^tter than the clay before de- 

 scribed. This is composed of turpentine, bees-wax, and rosin, 

 melted together ; which, when of a proper consistence, may 

 be put Oil the stock round the graft, in the same manner as the 

 clay is usually applied ; and, though it be not above a quarter 

 of an inch thick, it will keep out the air more effectually than 

 the clay ; and, as cold will harden this, there is no danger of 

 iis being hurt by frost, which is very apt to cause the clay to 

 cleave, and sometimes to fall off ; and, when the heat of the 

 summer comes on, this mixture will melt, and fall off with- 

 out any trouble. In the using of this, there should be a tin 

 or copper pot, with conveniency under it to keep a very gen- 

 tle fire with small coal ; otherwise the cold will soon condense 

 the mixture : But you must be careful not to apply it too hot, 

 lest you injure the graft. A person who is a little accustom- 

 ed to this compo»sition will apply it very fast ; and it is much 

 easier for him to work with than clay, especially if the season 

 should prove cold. 



There are several ways of grafting, but four principal 

 one s, [See Plate 11.] 



1. Grafting in the rind, called also shoulder-grafting; 

 which is only proper for large trees : This is called crown- 

 grafting, because the grafts are set in form of a circle, or 

 crown ; and it is generally performed about the latter end of 

 March, or the beginning of April. 



2. Cleft-grafting, which is also called stock, or slit-grafting ; 

 this is proper for trees or stocks of a lesser size, from an inch 

 to two inches or more, diameter : This grafting is to be per- 

 formed in the months of February and March, and supplies 

 the failure of the escutcheon way, which is practised in June, 

 July, and August. 



3. Whip-grafting, which is also called tongue-grafting : 

 This is proper for small stocks of an inch, half an inch, or less, 

 diameter ; it is the most effectual way of any, and is most in 

 use. 



4. Grafting by approach, or ablactation : This is practi^ 

 sed when the stock that you would graft on, and the tree from 



