MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT TREES, &c. 141 



mond, peach, nectarine, apricot, &c. which agree exactly in 

 their general characters, by which they are distinguished from 

 all other trees ; but, as many of these are very subject to emit 

 large quantities of gum from the parts of the trees which are 

 deeply cut and wounded ; in the tender trees of this kind, viz. 

 peaches and nectarines, which are most subject to this, it is 

 found to be the surest method to bud or inoculate these sorts of 

 fruits*-. 



All such trees as bear cones will do well upon each other, 

 though they may differ in one being ever green, and the other 

 shedding its leaves in winter ; as is observable in the Cedar of 

 Libanus, and the Larch-Tree, which are found to succeed 

 upon each other very well; but these must be grafted by ap- 

 proach ; for they abound with a great quantitv of resin which 

 is apt to evaporate from the graft if separated from the tree be- 

 fore it is joined with the stock, whereby they are often de- 

 stroyed ; as also the laurel on the cherry, or the cherry on the 

 laurel. All the mast-bearing trees will also take upon each 

 other, and those which have a tender soft wood will do well 

 if grafted in the common way; but those that are of a more 

 firm contexture, and are slow growers, should be grafted by 

 approach. 



By strictly observing this rule, we shall seldom miscarry, 

 provided the operation be rightly performed, and at a proper 

 season, unless the weather should prove very bad, as it some- 

 times happens, whereby whole quarters of fruit-trees miscarry ; 

 and it is by this method that many kinds of exotic trees are not 

 only propagated, but also rendered hardy enough to endure 

 the cold of our climate in the open air ; for, being grafted upon 

 stocks of the same sorts which are hardy, the grafts are ren- 

 dered more capable of enduring the cold, as hath been expe= 

 rienced by most of our valuable fruits now in England, which 

 were formerly transplanted hither from more Southerly cli- 

 mates, and were at first too impatient of our cold to succeed 

 well abroad ; but have been, by budding or grafting upon more 

 hardy trees, rendered capable of resisting our severest cold. 



These different graftings seem to have been greatly in use 

 among the antients, though they were certainly mistaken in the 

 several sorts of fruits which they mention as having succeeded 



* The peaches and nectarines, in America, should be inoculated upon 

 plums, almonds, or apricots, all of which have a much greater capacity of 

 resisting the attacks of those insects, which destroy the tree. But, I ima- 

 gine, that, if the American cultivator pay attention to the chapters on diseases 

 and on insects, he will easily preserve, or restore, the stems of all his fruii 

 trees. 



V 



