TREATISE ON THE CULTURE, &c. 145 



of a plentiful supply of fruit for the table, and for making 

 cider and perry ; and if some cherries are interspersed among 

 them, they will be food for birds, and be the means of pre- 

 venting them from destroying your finer fruit in the orchard 

 or garden. 



About six years ago, my worthy friend Walter Urquhart,. 

 Esq. of Warley Park, near Waltham Abbey, planted a clump 

 of fruit and forest-trees, with flowering shrubs in front, next 

 the house, to screen his garden, which was so injudiciously 

 situated as to present the walls to view from the house, and 

 from almost every part of his beautiful park. The fruit-trees 

 made choice of for this purpose were large ones of various 

 kinds, which had been headed down, and were then full of fruit- 

 buds. These trees were planted at a proper distance from the 

 garden, so as not to shade the walls, and the forest-trees inter- 

 spersed among them, according to the height that they would 

 attain when full grown. 



Mr. Urquhart has continued to take up some of the forest- 

 trees from time to time, as the fruit-trees spread their branches 

 and require more room. Thus the clump has become a nursery 

 for forest-trees ; a great deal of money is saved which would 

 otherwise have be^n expended in the purchase and carriage of 

 plants ; and from it he has made some very fine new plantations. 

 The fruit-trees make a handsome orchard, and at the same time 

 cover the walls of the garden. 



When the situation will not admit of such plantations, I 

 would advise planting some cross rows of fruit-trees in the gar- 

 den, at the distance of forty or seventy yards from each other, 

 more or less according to the size of the garden. In long rows, 

 one row of trees will be sufficient on each side of the walk; but 

 in the shorter cross rows, there should be two rows on each 

 side. The trees should not be planted opposite to each other, 

 but alternately ; so as that those of one row may be opposite to 

 the open spaces of the other. Trees planted in this manner 

 will have a good eifect, and will also serve to break the force 

 of high winds, and prevent a great deal of damage which might 

 otherwise be done to the rest of the trees throughout tlje gar- 

 den. Those which I vfould recommend for the above purpose 

 are dwarfs, with stems about two feet high, which can easily 

 be obtained by cutting off the lower branches. 



In laying out a new garden, another very essential point 

 is, to make choice of a good soil. It should be two or three 

 feet deep ; but if deeper the better ; of a mellow pliable na- 

 ture, and of a moderately dry quality; and if the ground 

 should have an uneven surface, I would by no means attempt 



