Page 26 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



No appreciable difference in the results 

 between the applications given early in 

 the season at short intervals, as in plats 

 1 and 2, and those with early sprays, at 

 longer intervals, as in plats 3 and 4, was 

 to be noticed. 



The results of three early spraj's prop- 

 erly applied at times indicated in plat 3 

 is worthy of special reference at this 

 time. Out of 3,419 picked apples, over 

 twelve bushels, from plat 3, only six 

 apples could be found with worm holes 

 from codling moth, or less than one-fifth 

 of one per cent. So perfect was the 

 result of these early sprayings in filling 

 the calyx cups of the apples and prevent- 

 ing apples wormy at the calyx end, that 

 from a total of 29,380 windfall and picked 

 apples from sprayed plats, not one was 

 found wormy at the calyx end from cod- 

 ling moth, while from 2,469 picked apples 

 from unsprayed trees 268 were wormy 

 at the calyx, or over 10%. 



Table VI brings together the data for 

 both curculio and codling moth on both 

 windfall and picked fruit, and combines 

 the separate results shown in Tables IV 

 and V. Examination shows that, consid- 

 ering both pests, the additional late 

 spray applied in July gave practically no 

 increase in percentage of perfect fruit, 

 since the three early applications in all 

 plats had been given with almost perfect 

 results. In no instance in the experi- 

 ment where the early sprays had been 

 applied did the additional late sprays in 

 July pay for their added expense. 



In the plats sprayed with early appli- 

 cations at shorter intervals, as given in 

 plats 1 and 3, the results were slightly 

 better than when the early sprays were 

 separated with longer intervals, as in 

 plats 3 and 4, though this would perhaps 

 not have been the case had the codling 

 moth been more abundant than the cur- 

 culio. Comparing plats 1 and 2, sprayed 

 after the former plan, with the corre- 

 sponding plats 3 and 4 respectively, 

 which were sprayed after the latter 



method, the difference in each case is 

 practically only 1%. The difference in 

 this respect may be overlooked when the 

 remarkable benefit secured from spray- 

 ing in all treated plats as compared with 

 the plat receiving no spray is noted. 

 Including both windfall and picked fruit, 

 96.3% to 97.9% were free from all cod- 

 ling moth worm holes or crescent punc- 

 tures from curculio. Including both 

 windfalls and picked fruit, the unsprayed 

 trees yielded only 58.9% free from these 

 insect injuries. The picked fruit from 



sprayed plats gave 96.1% to 97.4% free 

 from such injury, while 46.1% of the 

 apples remaining upon untreated trees 

 at picking time ivere free from serious 

 blemishes caused by one or the other of 

 these insects. 



On account of the wormy and stung 

 fruit dropping to the ground before 

 ripening, the yield of picked apples from 

 the unsprayed plat was much less than 

 m the plats treated. From Table VII it 

 is seen that 45.5% of the total number 

 of apples dropped to the ground before 

 picking from the unsprayed trees, while 

 from the trees in the four plats treated 

 with arsenate of lead 24.4% of the total 

 fruit formed dropped. The apparently 

 rather high percentage of windfall from 

 sprayed trees was due to the small trees, 

 in not too vigorous condition, which 

 were too heavily loaded, and to several 

 high winds at times when apples were 

 easily blown off. Notwithstanding this, 

 an average increased yield of about 46% 

 was secured from the four plats sprayed 

 with arsenate of lead. From 63.3% to 

 65.7% were the actual ratios represent- 

 ing the curculio crescents and codling 

 moth worm holes prevented, due to the 

 spraying. 



At picking time the fruit which had 

 been examined and counted for insect 

 blemishes was also given a careful com- 

 mercial grading. The No. 1 apples 

 were selected from each plat practically 

 according to the standard adopted by 

 the American Apple Growers' Congress 

 a few years ago. No Ingram which 

 passed through a 2^-inch ring, which 

 was poorly colored, misshapen, or which 

 bore any important mechanical, fungus 

 or insect blemishes was placed in the 



