BETTER FRUIT 



Page 41 



WHITE WINTER PEARMAIN FOLIAGE UNSPRAYED 



WHITE WINTER PEARMAIN FOLIAGE SPRAYED WITH 

 IRON SULPHIDE 



of the leaves of otherwise healthy stems. 

 Often every leaf on the tree bears these 

 small colonies of the parasite. The effect 

 on the leaves is a dwarfing, and often 

 killing, of the portion covered by the 

 fungus. This produces a curled or dis- 

 torted leaf that does not attain full size. 



This mildew, as has already been stated, 

 is a fungus parasite, and the individual 

 strands of the fungus are easily seen 

 under the microscope. These strands are 

 invisible to the unaided eye, but in the 

 aggregate form the white to greyish 

 covering before described. The individ- 

 ual strands of, the fungus very often mat 

 together closely and form a tough felt- 

 like coating, sometimes one-sixteenth of 

 an inch thick, on the infected stems. 



The Standard is quite difTerent from any other ipiay pump, 

 being arranged so that it can be used either with a bucltet or 

 knapsack, or with a barrel or tank. It is useful for any sized 

 orchard up to a thousand trees. The Standard Stamping 

 Company, of Marysville. Ohio, will gladly send full informa- 

 tion upon request. 



During the spring, summer, and even 

 late into fall, the fungus produces great 

 numbers of spores; which appear in the 

 aggregate as a white to grayish powder, 

 covering the affected parts. This powder 

 is so often present as to have given the 

 fungus the name of powdery 

 mildew. The summer spores 

 are produced in countless 

 numbers and afford the chief 

 means of distribution of the 

 fungus. The spores are 

 scattered chieflyby the wind, 

 and whenever they fall on 

 the young growth of the 

 apple they are capable of 

 germinating and reproduc- 

 ing the disease. The stems 

 and foliage of the 

 apple tree are quite 

 immune from infec- 

 tion after they are 

 three weeks or a 

 month old, so the 

 new colonies of the 

 disease are found 

 almost exclusively on 

 very young leaves. 

 When a colony starts 

 at the terminal bud 

 of a growing shoot 

 the resulting growth 

 is usually completely 

 covered by the mil- 

 dew. The infections 

 which spring up on 

 the somewhat more 

 mature leaves are 

 usually confined to 

 the under surface. 



but even these may at times reach the 

 stems and cover the new growth as com- 

 pletely as the terminal bud colonies. 



The summer spores of the fungus are 

 a very efficient means of distribution, and 

 account well enough for the infections 



EX 11 au ST VALVC 



CYLINDin. JACKET 



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PUMP SUCTION 



GASOLINE POWER SPRAYER 

 Powerful, dependable, compact, and light in weight. Perfectly self- 

 contained and operates at 200 pounds pressure. Non-heating engine, 

 V/z or ZVi horsepower, neither fan nor water cooled. Manufactured 

 by E. C. Brown Company, Rochester, New York 



