Page 44 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



THE HARDIE WHEEL OUTFIT 

 Manufactured by The Hardie Manufacturing Company 

 Portland, Oregon, and Eludson, Michigan 



Pajaro Valley previous to the year 1903. 

 At this date the Codling Moth Investi- 

 gation was undertaken by the Experi- 

 ment Station of the State University, 

 and, naturally, the growers called atten- 

 tion to other complaints of the apple, 

 including mildew. 



The use of bordeaux mixture was at 

 once suggested because this fungicide 

 had already proved to be of such general 

 application and reliability. Following 

 this suggestion numerous applications of 

 bordeaux were made, and both especially 

 directed against the mildew and in con- 

 junction with apple scab control work. 

 The results of these bordeaux applica- 

 tions have been carefully noted for sev- 

 eral years, and it may be quite definitely 

 stated that this fungicide does not offer 

 a satisfactory means of control. Even 

 when three or four applications arc 

 made during the spring and early sum- 

 mer the mildew still persists, and the 

 general appearance of the trees is not 

 greatly improved. 



Bordeaux applications scorch the mil- 

 dew covered growths where the spray- 

 ing has been thorough enough to insure 

 good contact with the fungicide. In this 



A NEW SPRAYER FOR 1911, MADE UP HERE BY MITCHELL, LEWIS 

 & STAVER COMPANY 



The Mitchell Jr. shown above is a new and from all appearances a sprayer that 

 will prove popular among Northwestern growers. It is made up at Portland by 

 Mitchell, Lewis & Staver Company. The outfit consists of a one-horsepower 

 hopper cooled Stover gasoline engine. 'Jliese engines have the reputation of 

 being the most siinple and easily operated engines on the market and for that 

 reason are adapted for spraying duty. The pump is a No. 313 Myers double- 

 acting pitman power pump, which has a five-inch stroke and is equipped for two 

 leads of hose, with a shut-off at the pump for each lead. The base is substantial 

 and is strongly bolted together. This is just the sprayer for the owners of 

 medium sized orchards. It is light and easily moved from place to place. 



way considerable of 

 the fungus is killed 

 and spore produc- 

 tion retarded. The 

 bordeaux mixture 

 also doubtless kills 

 out young colonies 

 which are covered 

 by the application. 

 This fungicide, how- 

 ever, appears to be 

 of too local and tran- 

 sitory action to give 

 really good results 

 with the mildew. It 

 also has a retarding 

 effect upon the tree 

 growth where used 

 frequently. We do 

 not wish to imply 

 that the use of bor- 

 deaux to control the 

 apple scab need be 

 in any way injurious 

 to the trees. This 

 latter efTect may be 

 advantageous to the 

 mildew. In our ex- 

 periments we have 

 found that any remedy to be really effec- 

 tive against the mildew must be neutral 

 to the foliage growth. Indeed, growth 

 stimulation is some- 

 thing to be sought 

 in mildew control. 



The failure of the 

 bordeaux mixture 

 revealed a special 

 problem in the apple 

 powdery mildew, and 

 much time has since 

 been devoted to the 

 study of this pest. 

 In the consideration 

 of this problem two 

 suggest themselves, 

 and may be termed curative and pre- 

 ventative treatments, and curative treat- 

 ments include all means of destroying 

 the parasite after it has established itself, 

 The preventative treatments, on the other 

 hand, include all means by which the 

 tree may be stimulated and caused to 

 produce a healthy growth, also the cure 

 of very early in- 

 fections, prevent- 

 ing development 

 of the disease. 



In the effort to 

 kill the growing 

 and dormant mil- 

 dew parasite the 

 following sub- 

 stances and meth- 

 o d s have been 

 tried: 



This list of sub- 

 stances was ap- 

 plied as a spray 

 during the winter 

 in an effort to kill 

 the fungus on the 

 mildewed twigs: 

 Copper sulphate 

 (bluestone), bor- 

 deaux mixture, 

 sulphuric acid, 

 iron sulphate and 

 sulphuric acid. 



SIMPLEX ANGLE 



NOZZLE 

 Light and durable 

 Adapted to high 

 pressure 

 Made by The Deming 

 Company, Salem, Ohio 



principal methods 



Herewith is illustrated only one of the very popular models manufactured 

 by the "Friend" Manufacturing Company, Gasport, New York, manufac- 

 turers of the celebrated "Friend" hand and power sprayers. These people 

 are located in the famous Niagara fruit belt, where spraying is up-to-date. 

 They are pioneers in the power sprayer line, having built the first combined 

 engine and pump for spraying. Their keen interest in the operation of their 

 machines accounts for their success. More than 100 of their power outfits 

 are working in the Far West, and fruit growers are safe in putting their 

 confidence in the "Friend." See their ad. in this issue. 



lime-sulphur solution, lime-sulphur and 

 salt, lye-sulphur solution, potash and 

 soda lye sulphides and excess lye, lime- 

 sulphur solution and copper sulphate 

 (that is, copper sulphate and lime-sulphur 

 solution), pruning off infected twigs. 



Treatment during the growing season, 

 both curative and preventative: Appli- 

 cations made in a liquid spray with water 

 or as a dust, bordeaux mixture, copper 

 sulphate (bluestone), ammoniacal cop- 

 per carbonate, copper acetate, copper car- 

 bonate, copper benzoate, copper hydrox- 

 ide, copper sulphide, copper metallic 

 (finely divided), copper sulphide plus 

 sulphur, iron sulphide, iron sulphide plus 

 sulphur, sulphur (precipitated, powdered 

 commercial, powdered in sand, very fine, 

 powdered with lime, sublimed commer- 

 cial), sulphuric acid, lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion, lime-sulphur solution plus barium 

 carbonate, potassium sulphide, benzoates 

 (sodiuiB, ammonium, potassium), sali- 

 cylates (sarne as benzoates), picric acid, 

 phenol (carbolic acid), potassium per- 

 mangenate, zinc oxide, zinc arsenite, ked- 

 zie mixture, arsenate of lead, pruning. 



The list of substances mentioned under 

 winter treatment were all applied to at 



"FARMER'S FRIEND" ORCHARD SPRAYER 

 Has SO-gallon barrel mounted upon stout truck 

 with Deming "Century" barrel sprayer 

 Made by The Deming Company, Salem, Ohio 



