igii 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 45 



least one tree, and most of them to a 

 number of large trees. The applications 

 made during the growing period were in 

 some cases only applied in small amounts 

 with the atomizer. Such small applica- 

 tions are, however, sufficient to indicate 

 whether larger experiments will be worth 

 while. 



Bluestone solution may be used upon 

 dormant trees with very little danger to 

 the plant. This solution has strong 

 fungicidal properties, and may even kill 

 the winter spores of certain fungi. It 

 would seem, then, that a strong applica- 

 tion of copper sulphate might kill the 

 dormant fungus plant wintering over on 

 the mildewed items. Such applications 

 were made during two successive years. 

 The experiments were begun by C. H. 

 Rodgers, and continued by the writer. 

 In each instance the applications were 

 made to a number of large trees of the 

 Newtown Pippin variety, and in one case 

 was as strong as twenty pounds of cop- 



— D 



NON-CLOG ATOMIC NOZZLE 

 Adjustable to throw every kind of spray. 

 Cannot clog. Perfectly adapted for spray- 

 ing apple trees. Spray is forcefully applied 

 into the calyx, combating the codling moth. 

 Mfg. by E. C. Rrown Co., Rochester, N. Y. 



per sulphate to 100 gallons of water. 

 These applications were made while the 

 trees were entirely dormant, and also 

 when the buds were well swollen. 



The results obtained were quite uni- 

 form throughout, the trees were not 

 perceptibly injured and the amount of 



The "Special" has greater tank capacity, larger twin cylinder pump, with outside packed pump 

 pistons, and S^J-horsepower "Newway' air cooled engine, and an auxiliary tank-filling pump. 

 This outfit is built for the larger fruit growers, where continuous spraying is done. The tank can 

 be filled in eight minutes with the auxiliary pump while the users are spraying their trees, without 

 making a stop. Manufactured by The Newway Motor Company, Lansing, Michigan 



mildew developing from the old infec- 

 tions was apparently the same as upon 

 the unsprayed trees. 



The copper sulphate experiments dur- 

 ing the dormant period were in most 

 cases paralleled by 6-4-50 bordeaux appli- 

 cations, giving results similar to those 

 obtained with the 

 bluestone solu- 

 tion. These nega- 

 tive results with 

 bordeaux mixture 

 were only to be 

 expected when 

 those obtained 

 with the copper 

 sulphate solution 

 are considered. 



Sulphuric acid, 

 applied to seven- 

 year-old New- 

 town (small for 

 age); date, December 11, 1907; weather 

 fair, temperature moderate; formula, ten 

 per cent commercial sulphuric acid in 

 water, applied with thoroughness to in- 

 sure complete wetting of mildewed twigs. 

 This application killed back all the twigs 

 and the great majority of the fruit and 

 leaf buds. The killed portions included 

 all the mildewed twigs, so such buds as 

 developed were free from mildew. The 

 tree made a strong growth with vigorous 

 dark green leaves, and none of the 



shoots became covered with mildew. 

 Numerous infections of mildew appeared 

 upon the under sides of the leaves, espe- 

 cially late in the summer. 



Sulphuric acid and iron sulphate: Dale 

 and conditions of the experiment the 

 same as those for sulphuric acid; i'or- 



STEAM PLANT FOR COOKING 



Photograph by James H. Bcattic 

 LIME-SULPHUR-SALT WASH 



FRUIT TREE BARK BEETLE (SCOLYTUS RUGULOSUS) 

 a. Adult beetle; b, Same in profile; c, Pupa: d. Larva. (From Chittenden.) 

 Attacks plum in preference, and the apple, peach and cherry are about equally 

 attractive. Pear, quince, apricot, nectarine, mountain ash and Juneberry are 



also infested. 



mula, 5 per cent commercial sulphuric 

 acid and 10 per cent ferrous sulphate, 

 with water, applied thoroughly. In this 

 experiment twigs and buds were killed, 

 but not to the extent as with 10 per cent 

 sulphuric acid. A few of the mildewed 

 twigs remained alive, and two of these 

 put out mildew infested buds. The tree 

 did not make a specially healthy growth 

 and was badly mildewed by midsummer. 



There has been a large quantity of 

 spraying with lime-sulphur solution dur- 

 ing the last two years. The strength 

 used has been that recommended for the 

 San Jose scale, that is the 1-1-3 and 

 1-1-4 formulas or their equivalent in the 

 commercial solution. The applications 

 have been made during the entire dor- 

 mant period and under all weather con- 

 ditions. It would seem, then, that this 

 large amount of commercial spraying 

 should afford the best possible data upon 

 the efficiency of the lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion against the winter form of the mil- 

 dew. Our observations have shown that 

 the mildew develops from the infected 

 shoots, apparently unchecked even by the 

 most thorough lime-sulphur applications. 



Lime-sulphur three times the usual 

 strength (commercial solution 1 to 2): 

 applied to three-year-old Bellflower; date, 

 February 21, 1908; day cloudy, tempera- 

 ture moderate. The application was very 

 thorough in the endeavor to cover all 

 mildewed twigs. The deposit made by 



