Page 46 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



this application remained all season, and 

 was verj' heavy. The tree was appar- 

 ently uninjured by the application, and 

 the mildewed shoots produced infected 

 growths. 



Lye-sulphur solution (a) ; applied to 

 seven-year-old Newtowns; date, Febru- 

 ary 31, 1908; day cloudy, temperature 

 moderate; formula, potash lye 3 pounds, 

 sulphur 1 pound, water 4 gallons. Applied 

 thoroughly in order to cover mildewed 

 tips. This application killed greedy scale, 

 brown apricot scale and the eggs of the 

 canker worm. The tree developed quite 

 normally with the exception that some 

 of the blossom buds seemed to be 

 retarded, the small leaves about the 

 blossom clusters were affected by spot 

 injury and premature falling to a greater 

 extent than the unsprayed trees. The 

 mildewed twigs produced very healthy 

 growths except in two instances where 

 infected shoots developed. 



Lye-sulphur solution (b) ; applied to 

 two seven - year - old Newtowns; date, 

 March 19, 1908; day clear, warm; for- 

 mula, 600 grams potash lye, 500 grams 

 of sulphur, 4 gallons of water. The appli- 

 cation was thorough, ^ and killed scale 

 insects the same as (a). The buds were 

 beginning to expand, but were appar- 

 ently uninjured by reason of the appli- 

 cation. The mildewed twigs produced 

 infected growths to practically the same 

 extent as the checks. 



Copper sulphide and lime-sulphur solu- 

 tion; applied to seven-year-old Newtowns 

 (13 trees); date, December 3, 1908; day 

 clear and warm; formula, 7 pounds blue- 

 stone, 6 pounds lime, 50 gallons of lime- 

 sulphur solution per San Jose scale for- 

 mula. The application was very thor- 

 ough to make sure of wetting the mil- 



309 



306 



'a few of the popular nozzles manufactured by the bean 

 spray pump company, san jose, california 



For description see Catalogue No. 25 



TWIG WITH LARGE CLUSTER OF EGGS OF 

 BROWN MITE 

 Original. Miss M. A. Palmer, delineator. 

 Colorado Experiment Station. 



dewed twigs. The results were not 

 distinguishably different from those that 

 were obtained by the use of lime-sulphur 

 solution or bordeaux. 



Pruning Of? Infected Twigs: This 

 method of winter treatment is theoret- 

 ically efficient, but impractical unless sup- 

 plemented by other means of control. If 

 all the mildew infected buds and twigs 

 could be removed the disease would cer- 

 tainly be checked, but this is impossible 

 when the trees become large. 



Reviewing the results of these winter 

 treatment experiments, it is quite evident 

 that no method has yet been discovered 

 which gives even the remote hope of 

 success. The wintering-over fungus upon 

 the mildewed twigs appears so resistant 

 that even most thorough applications of 

 the strongest fungicides do not kill it. 

 The lye-sulphur solution (a) apparently 

 accomplished something, but (b), which 

 was practically the same thing, gave no 

 results. The only application destroying 

 the mildew completely was the 10 per 

 cent sulphuric acid treatment, and this 

 was accomplished by killing all the twigs 

 that supported the mildew. Considering 

 the nature of the materials used in these 

 experiments, it is very improbable that 

 any substance will ever be discovered 

 which will be useful against the mildew 

 as a winter spray. 



In experiments with substances that 

 were applied during the grownig period 

 bordeaux mixture is naturally first 

 thought of when the subject of 

 fungicides is considered, and as has 

 been previously stated, we have 

 had , most excejlent opportunities 

 for observing it's effect on mildew. 

 Applications of bordeaux, such as 

 are made for the control of the 

 apple scab, have verj' little perma- 

 ment effect upon the mildew. To 

 control the mildew this fungicide 

 would have to be applied very fre- 

 quently, perhaps every ten days 

 during the growing season. The 

 cost of such frequent spraying is 

 in itself prohibitive, but the injuri- 

 ous effect on the trees would per- 

 haps be more objectionable. It is 

 now quite well understood that the 

 bordeaux mixture must be applied 



with caution and in limited amounts in 

 order to avoid characteristic injurious 

 effects. 



Bordeaux mixture, when applied thor- 

 oughly to tender mildewed shoots, fre- 

 quently kills most of the leaves within 

 three or four days of the time of appli- 

 cation, such applications do not, how- 

 ever, kill the mildew upon the stem ov 



HOPPER DOZER OR HOPPER PAN 

 (After Riley) 



in the buds, so that fresh infected shoots 

 are soon put forth. 



In order to determine the effect of a 

 single very thorough application of bor- 

 deaux the following experiment was 

 tried : 



Applied to three-year-cld Bellflower 

 tree; date, July 35, 1907; temperature 

 moderate, fog morning and evening; 

 formula, 5-5-50; applied very thoroughly 

 in order to cover mildewed twigs. The 

 mildew was subdued temporarily, but by 



Continued on page .59 



PEERLESS TANK FILLING PUMP 

 Manufactured by The Hardie Manufacturing Company 

 Portland, Oregon, and Hudson, Michigan 



