Page 72 



BETTER FRUIT 



February 



plant diseases that we do not already 

 have. If an insect or plant disease once 

 gets a good start in a community it is 

 rarely, if ever, exterminated from that 

 section. 



It is the wish of the writer that in the 

 work of quarantine against the introduc- 

 tion and spread of insects and plant dis- 

 eases that make fruit growing unprofit- 

 able exact justice might always be done 

 to both the nurseryman and the orchard- 

 ist. Occasionally the nurseryman will 

 have trees condemned that should have 

 been passed, while in other cases — and 

 these are few — trees unfit for planting 

 because of contagious maladies slip 

 through the inspector's fingers to the 

 injury of the grower. 



There are two very serious nursery 

 stock troubles that I wish to speak of 

 briefly in closing. These are woolly 

 aphis and crown gall. Last year our 

 inspectors condemned and destroyed 

 about 30,000 nursery trees that were 

 affected by these troubles. Let me be 

 very frank, and I am sure you will rec- 

 ognize the fairness of my position, when 

 I say we must deal severely with both 

 these troubles. An apple tree has a hard 

 struggle, and then cannot do its best, 

 when its roots become infected with 

 woolly aphis after the tree has become 

 well established in the soil, and the set- 

 back that the tree struggles against when 

 these little parasites are planted with it 

 is far greater and occasions a loss to the 

 owner that is many times more than the 

 first cost of the trees. And then there 

 is little or no excuse that tree roots 

 should be shipped with living woolly 

 aphis upon them, for a fairly thorough 

 fumigation with potassium cyanide gas 

 will destroy them all. 



Crown gall is not so easy to control. 

 There are growers of nursery stock who 

 do not hesitate to say that it occurs in 

 all nurseries, no matter where they are 

 located. This is undoubtedly true of all 

 nurseries that ship in from distant points 

 the trees, or a considerable portion of 

 them, that they grow. The writer knows 

 of two or three nurseries handling almost 

 exclusively home-grown stuff in which 

 it is almost impossible to find a tree 

 with crown gall upon it. However this 

 may be, this contagious malady, pro- 

 duced by a specific and minute organism 

 (pseudomonas tumefasciens), is so severe 

 in its effects upon fruit trees in the 

 arid climate of Colorado that we must 

 refuse to receive, in this state, any and 

 all trees afifected with it. In my judg- 

 ment, if a considerable proportion of the 

 trees in a shipment are infected with 

 crown gall an inspector would be justi- 

 fied in condemning the entire bundle, for 

 in such cases it is almost certain that 

 there are trees in the lot that show no 

 visible indication of the galls that really 

 are inoculated with the organism, and 

 will develop the disease after they are 

 planted. 



We do not wish to make the nursery- 

 man any trouble or occasion him any 

 loss, and we do wish to protect and 

 foster our important and rather extensive 

 fruit growing industry, and for these 

 reasons I thought it best to state our 

 position very frankly to this large body 



of men, who are likely to be offeriiis; 

 their goods for sale in Colorado, in order 

 to avoid annoyance both on your pari 

 and ours. Our orchardists are usually 

 ready to pay a good price for good, clean, 

 healthy trees, but poor, diseased or 

 infected trees are not wanted at any 

 figure. 



My wish is that the nurserymen and 

 inspectors might pull together in har- 

 mony to give the fruit growers nothing 

 but the best of clean, healthy trees, for 

 then the profits of fruit growing would 

 be increased, a larger acreage of trees 

 would be planted and the benefits derived 

 would be mutual. 



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inteed Implements 



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Boxlltb\ Philadelphia Pa 



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American Steel & Wire Company 



Chicago New York Denver San Francisco 



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WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



