BETTER FRUIT 



Page 8i 



prevailing notion up till the beginning 

 of the present decade. 



In fact the eggs are probably never 

 laid in the calyx cup, and seldom, if 

 ever, upon the young apples at any other 

 point. The cliaracter of the codling 

 moth egg is such that it requires a 

 very smooth surface upon which to be 

 deposited. 



In the early spring about the only 

 smooth surface is the upper side of the 

 young leaves. Then the majority of the 

 early eggs are necessarily laid on the 

 leaves. As the season advances the 

 und>.r surface of the foliage becomes 

 suitaijle for egg laying. 



Abiiut this time the hairs disappear 

 from the rind of the fruit, and we begin 

 to lind codling moth eggs on the apples. 



These eggs hatch in from eight to 

 fifteen da^-s, according to climatic con- 

 ditions, and the young worms begin to 



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ABSTRACTS INSURANCE 

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feed in a short time after hatching. It 

 was long supposed that the codling 

 worms ate nothing but the pulp of the 

 apple or the seeds. 



Recently it has been learned that the 

 foliage and other portions of the tree 

 may be attacked by the young worms 

 before they have started into the apple. 

 Unquestionably the codling worm seeks 

 the apple as the most suitable food for 

 its development. 



The instinct to hunt protection is also 

 strong, and the young worms apparently 

 desire to get out of sight as soon as 

 possible. The calyx cup of the apple 

 ofifers quite thorough protection, which 

 is probably the reason why a large per- 

 centage of the first generation of worms 

 enter the fruit at this point. 



Under some climatic conditions this 

 tendency to enter the calyx cup is so 

 pronounced as to have led the earlier 

 observers to believe that the egg was 

 laid in the blossom. The tendency to 

 enter at the calyx varies considerably 

 with the locality. In some sections it 

 is as high as 80%. 



The coast districts of California are 

 examples of localities where the calyx 

 cup entries are likely to be less numer- 

 ous, while the interior districts usually 

 show the largest perecentage of entries 

 at the blossom end. 



If the young worms do not enter at 

 the calyx they usually go in between 

 two apples, or at the point where a leaf 

 is in close contact with the fruit. 



After penetrating the fruit rind the 

 young worms feed just underneath the 

 surface for a few days, and then start a 

 more, or less direct burrow to the core. 

 The feeding in the vicinity of the core 

 frequently results in cutting ofif the sap- 

 conducting vessels of the fruit, and so 

 stopping its development. For this rea- 

 son the fruit that has become wormy 

 early in the season usually falls in July 

 or August. 



The time required for the development 

 of the codling moth larvae varies accord- 

 ing to the prevailing temperature, and 

 may be as short as fifteen days or as 

 long as thirty to thirty-five days. The 

 climatic conditions of Pajaro Valley are 

 such that the long period of develop- 

 ment is much more frequent than the 

 shorter. 



When the worms have matured they 

 leave the apple and seek a suitable place 

 in which to transform into adult insects. 

 Many will be found located under the 

 rough bark of the trees, and any other 

 protection near the tree trunk. 



A strip of cloth tied around the trunk 

 will frequently catch a number of worms. 

 This fact was noted by some of the early 

 observers, and was supposed to offer a 

 means of controlling the insect, but the 

 most careful watching of these bands 

 failed to materially lessen the loss from 

 worms. This was found to be due to the 

 fact that only a portion of the moths 

 were caught in this way. 



The larvae of the first generation do 

 not remain in the cocoons, but soon 

 transform into adult insects, the period 

 requiring from ten to fifteen days. The 

 moths which emerge are known as 

 moths of the second generation. They 



lay eggs in much the same manner as 

 the first generation moths, but as the 

 fruit rind is thoroughly smooth, practi- 

 cally all the eggs are deposited on the 

 apples. 



Curiously, second generation worms 

 are not so particular about seeking pro- 



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C. M. SHAW ROY F. DEAN 



Dean ^ Shaw 



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 Home Phone 3 Hood River, Oregon 



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UNDERTAKER AND 

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Main Ofifice, Medford, Oregon 



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WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



