igl I 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 25 



usually upon the upper surfaces of leaves 

 near fruit, have another guide as to the 

 time this spray should be applied, which, 

 if followed, would permit the application 

 of the spray when the eggs begin to 

 appear, and thereby would place a goodly 

 coating of poison over fruit and leaves 

 ready for newly hatched worms. To 

 watch and apply this spraying at the 

 time the first codling moth worms are 

 seen entering the apples is sometimes 

 resorted to by orchardists, but it is less 

 reliable than anticipating the oncoming 

 generation of worms by the discovery of 

 the unhatched eggs. Observations upon 

 the exact date of appearance of either 

 of these stages of the codling moth on 

 account of varying seasons are often use- 

 ful guides to orchardists. This applica- 

 tion should be a mist spray, the object 

 being to thoroughly coat the surface of 

 every apple. This is necessary against 

 codling moth, since sometimes as many 

 as 30% of the first generation worms do 

 not enter the apples at the calyx, but at 



HOOD RIVER 

 aTRAWBERRieS 



UPPER HOOD RIX'ER V.\LLEY, OREGON, STRAWBERRY 

 PATCH OWNED BY JONES CASH STORE 

 PORTLAND, OREGON 



the side, and the poison placed in the 

 calyx at the first spray could not be 

 expected to destroy worms which fed 

 upon the surface elsewhere. If neces- 

 sary for leaf spot or apple blotch diluted 

 bordeaux mixture could be added to the 

 arsenate of lead. 



If codling moth infestation should be 

 very serious and curcvilio very slight, the 

 second application, as given above, could 

 well be omitted, making this one the 

 second. In that case the third spray 

 could be delayed two weeks and applied 

 when the maximum number of codling- 

 moth eggs of the first generation were 

 being laid, which would be about six 

 weeks, instead of four weeks, following 

 the shedding of the petals. 



The tliree sprays, as recommended 

 above, if thoroughly applied, will be suffi- 

 cient to control codling moth and cur- 

 culio under average conditions in Mis- 

 souri. All of the-e sprays are aimed at 

 the destruction of the first generation of 

 codling moth worms and the curculio 

 beetles which emerge in the spring from 

 hibernation. The success of this accom- 

 plishment will, therefore, largely deter- 

 mine the extent of the damage from the 

 second brood of the codling moth and 

 *^he continuation of the puncturing of the 

 fruit by the curculio late into the sum- 

 mer. In orchards where bitter-rot makes 

 its appearance later, or where apple 

 blotch is very serious, bordeaux mix- 



ture sprays will have to be 

 given later. Respraying after 

 rains, no matter how severe, 

 has been found unnecessary 

 with arsenate of lead, provided 

 the poison has become thor- 

 oughly dried upon the foliage 

 or fruit before the rain. 



In the control of these pests 

 the necessity of later sprays 

 might be brought about from 

 unavoidable delays in the early 

 sprays, such as' the breakage 

 of machinery, unusually unfav- 

 orable weather, failure of the 

 arrival of apparatus or insecti- 

 cides at the critical time, etc., 

 but every possible precaution 

 should be taken by the grower 

 to avoid such delaj'S. The previous infes- 

 tation of the orchard with either curculio 

 or codling moth will influence to some 

 extent the number of sprays required. It 

 is encouraging to note that the successes 

 from spraying of one year are reflected in 

 fewer sprays required for the 

 protection of the crop the 

 year following. The isolation 

 of the orchard from woods, 

 which of¥er hibernating quar- 

 ters for curculio, may alter 

 the number of sprayings re- 

 quired, as may its proximity 

 to other orchards that are 

 badly infested with this pest. 

 Methods of handling one's 

 own orchard, such as cultiva- 

 tion and destruclinn of wind- 

 falls, may ha^■e an influence. 

 United effort in ixny commu- 

 nity in controlling- these pests 

 makes the battle an easier 

 one, but it is not impossible 

 for a single fruit grower, in 

 a locality of neglected orchards, by his 

 individual efforts to profitably overcome 

 these two pests. A year of failure in 

 fruit crop does unquestionably reduce the 

 infestation of codling moth for the com- 

 ing year, but it cannot be hoped that 

 because the apples were too scattering 

 upon the tree to yield any appreciable 



STRAWBERRY FIELD WITH PICKERS AT WORK, 

 SHOWING PACKING SHED, HOOD RIVER, OREGON 



return that enough did not mature to 

 carry the insect through. In years fol- 

 lowing fruit failures the spraying must 

 not be neglected. 



Variety of fruit also influences infesta- 

 tion, and consequently the number of 

 sprays. Some varieties are badly infested 

 with curculio, others only moderately so. 

 Codling moth is far more serious upon 

 the Pewaukee, Wolf River and Isham 

 Sweet than upon some others. Jona- 

 thans are usually n-iore severely attacked 

 than Ben Davis or Gano, and Winesap 

 shows a decided resistance to codling- 

 moth compared with others, and there 

 are many differences of this kind to be 

 noticed. 



It canniit he doubted that the single 

 spraying, properly applied at the time 

 the blossoms fall, is completely control- 

 ling codling moth in certain cases in 

 Western and Northwestern states. It 

 is this spraying which unquestionably 

 plays the most important part in fighting 

 the codling moth in Missouri. In this 

 state, with curculio also to con-ibat, and 

 with Some early worn-is of codling- n-ioth 

 entering at the side rather than at the 

 calyx end of the apples, two additional 

 early sprays of arsenate of lead will 

 usually be necessary. 



There is probably no better insecticide 

 for codling moth and curculio spraying 



\ ISTTIN(; DELEG.XTKS A'l' 

 MEETING II 1:1.1 ) A r 



THE WASHINGTON .'^T.VTE H< )RTICl' F.T T K A I. SOCIKT\ 

 PROSSER I-irGTI SCIKiOI., I'ROSSER, WASHINGTON 

 JANUARY, liill 



