igii 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 2g 



be pushed through the branches from 

 every side. It is almost impossible for 

 the nozzleman standing upon the ground 

 to accomplish thorough work without 

 getting up- under the branches, and in 

 so doing he must expect to get wet. 

 Material used per tree at this treatment 

 may almost double that used at sprays 

 given later. W iih a properly made lead 

 arsenate no damage to the tree or fruit 

 will follow such spraying. Bad weather 

 is likely to prevail, but this spraying 

 should be done on time at all hazards. 

 Every tree bearing fruit should be thor- 

 oughly sprayed, and the foliage- should 

 also be covered. If trees bear no fruit 

 they may be omitted, for codling moth 

 eggs are seldom laid upon barren trees, 

 and the larvae do not come to develop- 

 ment upon the leaves or twigs. A few 

 very rare exceptions to this have been 

 reported from the laboratory. 



For all sprays made later, after the 

 apples have formed, a fine mist spray is 

 desirable. The object in the later sprays 

 is to place an even coating of poison 

 over each fruit. The fine spray-drops 

 should be placed thickly on the surface 

 without running them together or wash- 

 ing. The small apples, when covered 

 with pubescence, retain the spray better 

 than when their surface becomes smooth. 

 The nozzles must be moved quickly from 

 branch to branch to avoid waste of 

 material. Long spray poles and nozzles 

 turned at an angle with the pole will 

 make thorough spraying possible during 

 windy weather when it would otherwise 

 have to be postponed. 



Anything but the best kind of spray- 

 ing apparatus is very poor economy. As 

 stated before, lack of thoroughness in 

 spraying is the principal cause of poor 

 results, and it may also be said that 

 improper spray outfits are the greatest 

 handicaps to thorough work. 



The size of the outfit must, of course, 

 vary with the acreage. It may be a bar- 

 rel hand pump costing, perhaps, $1.5, or 

 it may consist of a gasoline engine power 

 outfit costing $300, more or less. What- 

 ever the size, it should be of the best 

 make obtainable. One of the greatest 

 mistakes is in attempting to make one 

 spray outfit cover the orchard when two 

 or three would be necessary if thorough 

 work was done. Every man owning a 

 score of apple trees from which he 

 expects to grow fruit for profit, cannot 

 afford to be without a good barrel pump. 

 If he possesses a ten-acre tract in bear- 



CLARK SEEDLINX, STR.-WVBERRIES RE.XDY 

 TO BE PUT INTO HULLOCK 



IN THE ORCHARD OF L. B. SKINNER & SONS, ROSEBURG, OREGON 

 This picture was published in the August issue of "Better Fruit" and was given credit to the Rogue River 

 Valley, but should be Umpqua Valley, Oregon 



ing. a power outfit will pay for itself. 

 One good power outfit cannot be expected 

 to cover more than twenty acres of apple 

 trees of full bearing size, especially at the 

 spray following bloom. Gasoline power 

 sprayers cheapen the cost of spraying. 

 Higher pressure can be maintained with 

 them, more liquid can be sprayed in a 

 day, and, therefore, the orchard is cov- 

 ered in less time. As a rule more thor- 

 ough work is done with them on account 

 of the higher pressure maintained, but 

 it is a mistake to think that efTective 

 work cannot be done with a good barrel 

 pump. Orchardists with small acreage 

 cannot afford to possess an expensive 

 power outfit, but by following the rules 

 laid down for thorough spraying may 

 secure excellent results. Communities 

 of small orchard holdings often depend 

 upon the public barrel or power sprayer, 

 or own such machines in common. 



By no means is the spray machine the 

 only thing to consider. The accessories 

 of spraying, such as nozzles, hoses, exten- 

 sion poles, spray agitators, elevated spray 

 platforms, tanks, rotary pumps for filling, 

 etc., are also quite essential in making 

 up satisfactory spray equipments. Grow- 

 ers should make a very careful study of 

 the different spraying outfits before pur- 

 chasing. There are large numbers of 

 different makes admirably suited to every 

 kind of spraying. The manufacturers' 

 catalogues should be consulted. This 

 experiment station has recently issued 

 for distribution Bulletin No. 20 upon 

 "Spraying iMachinery." A good spray 

 machine should be found upon every 

 orchard premises in this state. It should 

 be as common as the plow or cultivator, 

 and its use, for curculio and codling moth 

 spraying, as well as for the control of 

 other orchard insects and fungi, become 

 a regular practice. 



Spraying is the chief method of con- 

 trol of curculio and codling moth in apple 

 orchards, but there are a number of other 

 natural or artificial checks against both 

 insects which deserve mention. 



Banding of the trees to capture the 

 descending worms of codling moth as 

 they search for a place for pupation was 

 a practice even before spraying for cod- 

 ling moth was begun. It has been shown 

 that they will sometimes capture as high 

 as 40% of the worms upon the tree, but 

 it cannot be considered a practical opera- 

 tion when such far better results can be 

 accomplished by spraying. When bands 

 are used they must be looked after every 

 ten days and the worms destroyed to 

 prevent the moth from maturing and 

 making its escape. If this is not done 

 they will only offer safer hiding places, 

 and. do more harm than good. They are 

 sometimes useful in trapping the first 

 emerging worms in the summer in order 

 to forecast the date of appearance of 

 second generation worms. 



Scraping of the rough bark from trees 

 in the spring destroys many hibernating 

 codling moth larvae, and the screening 

 of the cellar windows and doors where 

 wormy fruit or fruit packages are kept, 

 for the capture and destruction of the 

 emerging moths, is sometimes practiced. 

 The destruction of fallen fruit for the 

 purpose of ridding the orchard of cod- 



STRAWBERRY LEAF ROLLER 

 a, Larva natural size: h. Head-end of larva, 

 enlarged; c. Moth, about twice natural size; d. 

 Tail-end of larva, enlarged. (After Saunders.) 

 Colorado E.xperiment Station 



