Page 68 



BETTER FRUIT 



March 



to 15 pounds of copperas may be dis- 

 solved in one-half barrel of water (best 

 done by suspending in a sack, same as 

 with bluestone), and then the lime-sul- 

 phur solution added. Agitate thoroughly 

 while adding the sulphur solution, and 

 when enough has been added pour in 

 water to fill the barrel. Agitate thor- 

 oughly (best done with a shovel or 

 spade) and then allow to settle for sev- 

 eral hours. Now decant the clear liquid 

 by tipping the barrel slowly so as not 

 to stir up the precipitate. Continue pour- 

 ing off the liquid as long as it can be 

 done without loss of the black precip- 

 itate. Refill the barrel with water, agi- 

 tate, allow to settle and decant again; 

 continue the operation until there is no 

 color of lime-sulphur solution left in the 

 clear liquid (four or five times). The 

 precipitate is now ready for dilution and 

 application. 



Formula for Lime-Sulphur Solution. — 

 Sulphur, 66 pounds; lime, 33 pounds; 

 water (to prepare), 50 gallons. Place the 

 water in a boiling vat that will carry the 

 quantity without danger of boiling over. 

 Then, when fairly hot, add the lime, stir- 

 ring to insure the formation of a smooth 

 milk of lime. The sulphur should now 

 be added, and the mixture boiled moder- 

 ately for 45 minutes to an hour. If the 

 water boils away very much more hot 

 water should be added from time to time. 

 During the boiling stir every few min- 

 utes by raking over the bottom of the 

 vat with a hoe. 



A very good practice in handling sul- 

 phur is to pass it through a sieve, break 



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up the lumps and then moisten it with a 

 small amount of water by kneading. Sul- 

 phur so treated mixes with the milk of 

 lime better. 



When this formula has been boiled 

 sufficiently it will be a very dark colored, 

 rather thin liquid, with only a small 

 amount of sulphur left undissolved. The 

 solution is now ready for straining 

 through burlap or cheese cloth. The 

 undissolved sulphur can be returned to 

 the vat to be worked up with the next 

 batch. 



Copper sulphide is prepared in the 

 same manner as the iron sulphide, but 

 is of very little value, and so will be dis- 

 missed without further comment. 



According to the results obtained in 

 the experiments already described the 

 spraying in March (just before the blos- 

 soms opened), the application of iron 

 sulphide had little, if any, effect upon the 

 mildew, but the apple scab is often sus- 

 ceptible to spraying at this time. Fur- 

 ther, this spraying is too early for leaf- 

 eating insects. For these reasons it is 

 not necessary to use iron sulphide at this 

 time, but a spraying with lime-sulphur 

 solution, one-half to full winter strength, 

 may prove very beneficial in controlling 

 the apple scab and San Jose scale, also, 

 probably, the greedy scale. 



The first iron sulphide spraying for 

 the mildew should be applied along with 

 the calyx cup spraying for the codling 

 moth. This spraying is applied as soon 

 as the fruit forming blossoms have shed 

 their petals, and, of course, must con- 

 tain arsenate of lead. 



The use of arsenate of lead along with 

 the iron sulphide requires that the sul- 

 phide precipitate should be very care- 

 fully washed to free it from soluble 

 sulphur, so it will not injure the lead. 

 For this spraying 10 pounds of iron sul- 

 phate (copperas) precipitated with lime- 

 sulphur solution and carefully washed 

 should make 100 gallons of spray. With 

 this use six pounds of arsenate of lead. 

 Add the arsenate of lead to the spray 

 tank after it has been well worked up in 

 a small amount of water. 



Spray very thoroughly, endeavoring to 

 fill the blossom cups with the mixture. 

 Bordeaux nozzles are becoming very 

 popular for this first spraying. The 

 nozzles should be crooked on the rod at 

 an angle, so that the stream can be 

 directed downward by a simple twisting 

 of the rod. This is done in an effort to 

 fill the blossoms that are standing 

 straight up. Some of the growers in 

 the Northwest spray from platforms in 

 order to accomplish this better. 



Of course all these precautions are for 

 the codling moth, but at the same time 

 the iron sulphide is being very thor- 

 oughly applied, and will do the maxi- 

 mum of good. It may be remarked here 

 that the black color of the iron sulphide 

 spray brings about more thorough work, 

 as the men can see any parts missed 

 very readily. 



This spraying will, under most condi- 

 tions, be sufficiently early to control the 

 apple scab in the Pajaro Valley and 

 adjoining sections, but, as has already 

 been stated, the spraying in March with 

 lime-sulphur solution may prove very 



beneficial in controlling early attacks of 

 the scab. In this paragraph we are 

 assuming the substitution of iron sul- 

 phide for the bordeaux mixture ordi- 

 narily used, but are not certain that the 

 control of the scab will be equal to that 

 obtained with the old and well tried 

 fungicide. We know that there was no 

 estimable percentage of scabby fruit 

 upon the iron sulphide sprayed trees, 

 while those not sprayed with any fungi- 

 cide showed a small percentage. Also 

 the spores of the apple scab fungus are 

 prevented from germinating by the pres- 

 ence of a small amount of iron sulphide 

 in the water with the spores. 



The second iron sulphide spraying for 

 the mildew should be applied about 

 three weeks after the first, but may be 



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Increased 194 per cent in population, according to 

 Uncle Sam's last census. This is more than any 

 other large city in the PACIFIC NORTHWEST. 



WASHINGTON 



Leads all states of the Union in growth, having 

 increased 120.4 per cent, according to the same 

 authority. 



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THE 



Sunnyside 

 Nursery 

 Company 



Capital paid up, $100,000 



WE HAVE NO AGENTS 

 SELL DIRECT 



GET our prices and save 

 money. Trees first-class. 

 We lead, others follow. Have 

 several hundred thousand fin- 

 est peach trees ever grown in 

 the West. Cherry, pear and 

 apple in numbers that foot up 

 millions. If planted in a line 

 would make over three rows, 

 the usual distance of planting, 

 from Seattle to New York city. 



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