igii 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 47 



be obtained reasonably, is second choice; 

 third, that a cord of seasoned fir or 

 tamarack wood is about equal in fuel 

 value to_ a ton of Rock Springs coal; 

 fourth, that is requires about one pint 

 of gasoline per horse-power per hour 

 in gasoline engines, or distillate, is prob- 

 ably about thirty per cent cheaper; fifth, 

 that it requires, as shown by scientific 

 tests, at least one pound of coal per 

 horse-power per hour for the best steam 

 engines obtainable, and about four and 

 one-half pounds per horse-power per 

 hour for common engines, and I would 

 add at least fifty per cent to these 

 amounts of coal to make good in prac- 

 tice; sixth, that centrifugal pumps are 

 not recommended for lifts much over 



THE Special Agricultural and Hor- 

 ticultural Demonstration Train now 

 being operated in California by the 

 Southern Pacific Company, and co-oper- 

 ated in by the College of Agriculture of 

 the University of California, is by far the 

 most extensive effort of this kind that 

 has ever been put forth in any part of 

 the country. As such is the case, a few 

 words of explanation as to the inception, 

 meaning and the value of this train are 

 in order. 



The spirit of the great transportation 

 companies of today is to recognize the 

 fact that the success of the producers 

 along its lines means the greater success 

 of these companies. A spirit of co-opera- 

 tion with the producers is manifested, 

 and the Southern Pacific Company, rec- 

 ognizing the fact that better results 

 should be obtained from the farms of the 

 state, and also recognizing the fact that 

 its best interests are bound up in the 

 success of the producers, has joined with 

 the College of Agriculture and Experi- 

 ment Station of the state in bringing to 

 the farms and to the workers thereof 

 improved methods of procedure, whereby 

 better returns could be obtained. The 

 inception of the idea of the Demonstra- 

 tion Train, then, is to be found in the 

 recognition of the interdependence of the 

 producers and the transportation com- 

 pany, and, further, the recognition of the 

 fact that the College of Agriculture and 

 Experiment Station has much of value to 

 illustrate and show the men and women 

 of the farms. 



The first train to be sent out in this 

 co-operative endeavor began its work on 

 November 9, 1908, covering, in the eight 

 days that it was out, the northern and 

 southern portions of California. The 

 train consisted of two carloads of exhibits 

 illustrating better methods of agricultural 

 and horticultural practice, and also meth- 

 ods of control of insect pests and diseases 

 of trees against which the producer had 

 to contend. A total of six runs was 

 made in the season of 1908-9, and all of 

 the Southern Pacific lines in California, 

 with but few exceptions, were covered 

 by the train service. A total of 37,270 

 people visited the train on these runs, 

 and a great deal of interest was mani- 

 fested by these visitors. 



100 feet; seventh, that where centrifugal 

 pumps are used more power must be 

 provided to do the same work as with 

 plunger pumps; eighth, that large pump- 

 ing plants are proportionately more eco- 

 nomical than small ones; ninth, that it 

 requires 1.71 theoretical horse-power to 

 raise sufficient water 100 feet high (and 

 other elevations in proportion) to cover 

 ten acres one foot deep in eighty days, 

 and this theoretical power should be 

 doubled to give satisfactory results in 

 practice, or about three and one-half 

 horse-power; tenth, the cost of attend- 

 ance and incidentals must be considered, 

 bearing in mind that turbine water 

 wheels and electric motors need but 

 little attention. 



The season for 1909-10 began on the 

 16th of November, 1909, and covered 

 much of the same territory as was cov- 

 ered in the season of 1908-9. During 

 this season the train was in service a 

 total of sixty-eight days and made 22.3 

 stops. A total of 73,663 people visited 

 the train. In this connection it is inter- 

 esting to note that during the season of 

 1908-9 twenty-six such trains were run 

 in the United States. A total of 182,745 

 people visited these trains. The Califor- 

 nia total is included in these figures. It 

 then follows that forty per cent of the 

 people visiting demonstration trains in 

 the United States were those who visited 

 and obtained information and inspiration 

 from the California train. This is a 

 record to be proud of, and surely indi- 

 cates the appreciation in which this work 

 is held. 



The season for 10] 0-11 began on the 

 5th of December, 1910, and on the first 

 run of ten days the same territory was 

 covered that the train visited in its first 

 run last year. Visitors to the number of 

 14,217 came to the train on this run, an 

 increase of sixty-seven per cent over the 

 number for the same run last year. This 

 again speaks well for the value of the 

 Demonstration Train. 



Six cars are at the present time 

 devoted to the purposes of demonstra- 

 tion and illustration. The material car- 

 ried in these cars illustrates better meth- 

 ods of procedure in all lines of agricul- 

 tural and horticultural practice and 

 demonstrates the great value of improved 

 methods of work experimented with and 

 advocated by the Experiment Station of 

 the University of California. The train, 

 with its well equipped departments and 

 its living cars for the use of the experts 

 accompanying the train, may be consid- 

 ered, and indeed is a university on 

 wheels, carrying to the tillers of the soil 

 the gospel of better horticulture and 

 better agriculture, and indicating by con- 

 crete examples methods through which 

 much better returns may be obtained on 

 the farm. 



The meaning, then, of this train serv- 

 ice is to be found in the expression, "edu- 

 cation of the producer carried along 

 more scientific lines of work." The 

 value of the train service can hardly be 

 overestimated. Many earnest people 



who visited the train during its 1908-10 

 runs have re-visited it this season, and 

 have spoken enthusiastically of the good 

 the work had done them. There is much 

 evidence on hand to show that methods 

 of practice illustrated and described 

 during the last year's runs have been put 

 into use in the meantime, and are pro- 

 ducing satisfactory results. An immense 

 amount of correspondence has come in 

 regarding the work already done, indi- 

 cating that the writers of the letters 

 received, were thinking of, studying and 

 searching for further information along 

 the lines touched upon in the train. 



The bringing of the work of the Col- 

 lege of Agriculture so directly to the 

 producers of the state is to be credited 

 to the enlightened action of the trans- 

 portation company. The expense of 

 maintaining a moving train of this char- 

 acter is far too great for any educational 

 institution to undertake, and the recog- 

 nition of the value of this work and the 

 very tangible illustration of this recogni- 

 tion by the transportation company is 

 an idea well worthy of consideration by 

 all thoughtful people. The Special Agri- 

 cultural and Horticultural Demonstra- 

 tion Train, operated under the joint 

 auspices of the University of California 

 and the Southern Pacific Company, is 

 unquestionably the greatest as well as 

 the most far-reaching educational and 

 value-improving factor ever set in motion 

 in this State of California. 



<«> ^ ^ 



TO BUILD A CONCRETE ARCH. 

 Where it is desired to arch over a 

 well or cistern, or any other structure, 

 the following method will be found of 

 practical use: 



After the wall is to the point wlieve 

 the arch is to begin, or the skewbacks, 

 lay a temporary platform of boards on 

 the wall with the edges resting on same 

 just enough to hold, and no more; upon 

 this pile up sand into the form the arch 

 is to be made, and within about eighteen 

 inches of the top of the ground; upon 

 this sand set a box form to mold the 

 manhole to the well. 



Now plaster the concrete around the 



PI P 



sand and box form in the manner shown 

 in illustration; for all ordinary work it 

 should be from three and one-half inches 

 to five inches thick, depending on the 

 diameter of the well or cistern. 



As soon as the concrete has hardened 

 take out the sand with shovel, then the 

 temporary platform may be removed 

 and the work plastered on the inside. 

 — Iowa Homestead. 



ORIGIN AND RESULTS OF DEMONSTATION TRAIN 



BY PROFESSOR W. T. CLARKE, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 



