Page 66 



BETTER FRUIT 



April 



Paris grer?i a mice2la>ieou6 arjenicals 

 Swifi's Lead Ar.sc/teiie 



777777 — v.-----'—.-". 

 ^MSSi Ldfrn I'e)-}'! tend Arser d^s 



OrfAo Lad Arsenate. 

 SheT-ujin WiUidm's Le^d Af-se^Aie 

 /XL Li sulfur mi rture 

 i/Tisprdl^ed 



30 



tested another. He was never defeated, 

 nor did he show discouragement. A man 

 with less of the bulldog perseverance 

 would not have succeeded, nor a man 

 with less skill as an experimenter — less 

 full of expedients. His first work 

 seemed to point to success from a 

 water-proofing of paris green, but the 

 next season's spraying work showed 

 this to be a failure, and paris green, 

 which up to this time had everywhere 

 been regarded as the standard remedy 

 for codling moth, finally had to be 

 discarded. 



Mr. Volck's work in 1904 consisted 

 very largely in testing out all the brands 

 of arsenicals on the market, other than 

 paris green, and particularly the lead 

 arsenates. Despite the serious burning 

 of some orchards in 1903 the results in 

 codling moth control so pleased the 

 growers that a considerably larger acre- 

 age was sprayed in 1904, and since most 

 of this was with lead arsenate, and the 

 season not particularly bad for burning, 

 thej' became enthusiastic enough to 

 spray about a third of the entire bearing 

 acreage in 1905. The gradual extension 

 of spraying is graphically shown in the 

 accompanying chart. 



The spraying in 1905 was almost exclu- 

 sively with Swift's arsenate, since that 

 had proven best in the experiments of 

 the previous year. The results obtained 

 during this year were the most disap- 

 pointing of the whole conflict. While 

 the codling moth was well controlled 

 the amount of burning was so large that 

 the progress of spraying was entirely 

 checked. For three years there was no 

 appreciable increase in the number of 

 acres sprayed. 



For this reason, in 1906, two more 

 students were sent into the valley. Mr. 

 Parker, who has just been appointed to 

 a responsible position in the division of 

 entomology of the United States Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, and Mr. Luther, 

 who has remained in the valley, and who 

 has been a very important factor in the 

 final solution of the problem. During 

 this year hundreds of arsenicals were 

 made up and tested on foliage. The 

 most significant discovery of the year 

 1906 was that where a lead arsenate was 

 so compounded that all the arsenic acid 



present was combined with lead no 

 injury was produced on the most deli- 

 cate foliage. Such a compound is known 

 as a neutral, or Ortho arsenate of lead. 



At that time no manufacturer was able 

 or willing to produce an arsenate of lead 

 of this description, and to this day, 

 excepting the product manufactured here 

 at Watsonville, there is no strictly neu- 

 tral lead arsenate on the market. 



Other apple regions have a climate 

 permitting the use of ordinary arsenates 

 of lead, or of paris green for that matter, 

 but here the control of the codling moth, 

 with safety to the tree, is absolutely 

 dependent upon the use of the kind of 

 lead arsenate now only manufactured at 

 Watsonville. The manufacture of such 

 an arsenical presents many practical dif- 

 ficulties, and normally would have cost 

 more money than the common lead 

 arsenate, but by the working out of new 

 methods this material has been pro- 

 duced at a cost to the grower decidedly 

 lower than that previously charged for 



the ordinary lead arsenates, and this 

 saving has turned back into the pockets 

 of the growers much more than the 

 investigation has cost. In 1907 Mr. 

 Luther undertook the management of a 

 factory incorporated as a private enter- 

 prise to produce this compound. In the 

 neighborhood of six tons of lead arsen- 

 ate was manufactured that year. About 

 the same quantity of Lavenberg's lead 

 arsenate and a smaller amount of Swift's 

 was used. Both of these burned foliage 

 much as in 1906, while the Ortho lead 

 did no burning whatever; therefore, in 

 1908 there was practically no arsenical 

 used other than the Ortho brand, and the 

 area sprayed was greatly extended. 



In 1909 still more territory was sprayed 

 with the Ortho lead, and, in addition, a 

 small amount with the Sherwin-Williams 

 arsenate of lead. About a carload of the 

 IXL mixture was also sold to orchard- 

 ists upon the misrepresentation that it 

 would be effectual against codling moth. 

 This shows how easily otherwise intelli- 

 gent farmers may be gulled, but it is not 

 likely that any more of that product 

 could be sold in the valley for several 



J.J.Olsen&Bro. 



TACOMA, WASHINGTON 



MANUFACTURERS 



Improved 

 Folding Berry Boxes 



5 -pound Tin Top Baskets 

 Apple Boxes, etc. 



Write for samples and prices. 



The dependability of Malthoid Roofing has been proven by 

 special tests covering a period of many years. 



Malthoid will last as long as the building it covers. It is 

 inexpensive, easy to lay, and your roof troubles are over when 

 Malthoid is laid. 



Made by THE PARAFFINE PAINT COMPANY 



San Francisco and Everjrwhere 



Stewart Hardware & Furniture Co., Agents, Hood River, Oregon 



IT'S FREE 



Send for it. 

 A new 

 and valuable 

 book on 



Cheerful 

 Homes 



This booklet is 

 illustrated 

 with pictures 

 of the most 

 beautiful 

 bungalows 

 of Southern 

 California 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



