Page 68 



BETTER FRUIT 



April 



Upon this point the best practice of 

 our growers stands in most striking con- 

 trast with that of many other regions, 

 and is most sharply opposed to the rec- 

 ommendations found in the greater part 

 of the literature on the control of the 

 codling moth. 



At the present time there is something 

 of a controversy between advocates of 

 numerous sprayings and of those who 

 claim better results from a single spray- 

 ing. Both parties believe in blossom 

 cup spraying, and the single spray advo- 

 cates contend that if the blossom cup 

 work is done thoroughly enough there 

 will be no necessity for any supple- 

 mentary sprayings. The outcome of the 

 work in this valley is the discarding 

 entirely of the blossom cup work. This 

 does not in any way call in question the 

 value of blossom cup spraying in other 

 regions; indeed, the evidence seems to 

 be conclusive that in some regions the 

 single spray method produces results 

 that are as good as can be produced by 

 any method, but simply emphasizes the 

 difference corresponding to the climate 

 of the different localities. 



One condition which renders the single 

 blossom cup spraying an impossibility 

 here in the Pajaro Valley is the long 

 period of blooming. Before a tree is in 

 full bloom one often finds fruit on the 

 tree as large as the end of one's finger. 

 If it were necessary to place the poison 

 in every blossom cup at least three spray- 

 ings would have to be given during the 

 blossoming period. 



A second condition rendering blossom 

 cup spraying inefficient in this valley is 

 the fact that comparatively few of the 

 worms enter the fruit at this point. This 

 difference in the habit of the young worm 

 corresponds with the fact that the fruit 

 is almost always larger before the worm 

 attacks it, and in every district where 

 worms attack larger fruit a large propor- 

 tion enter on the side. Here it is the 

 first generation that makes the side 

 entrance, and elsewhere the first genera- 

 tion attacks the fruit when very small. 

 The same cold spring water that causes 

 the long protracted bloomings of the 

 trees holds back the appearance of the 

 moth still more, and instead of all com- 

 ing forth simultaneously the over-win- 

 tering individuals are emerging during 

 two or three months. Most of the eggs 

 are not laid till the fruit is well advanced. 



The basis for the discarding of the 

 blossom cup spraying, however, was not 

 so much this observation of the peculiari- 

 ties of the life history as the fact that 

 perfect control, as good as is obtained 

 by any method, is the result of a spray- 

 ing program which absolutely ignores 

 the blossom cup work. As far as is 

 known none of the orchardists in this 

 ^•aIley have ever practiced blossom cup 

 spraying. Mr. Volck has employed the 

 term "blossom cup spraying" to describe 

 the effort to wet the hairy portion of the 

 apple just outside of the blossom cup. 

 but this is not at all what is meant by 

 the term elsewhere. Others mean the 

 inside of the cup, where the pistil and 

 stamens arise. 



Almost complete absence of worms at 

 picking time can be secured when no 



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