igii 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page dp 



effort at all is made to CMiiirul the tirbt 

 generation of the insect. This practice, 

 however, is not to be recommended, and 

 is indeed not the present practice of anj- 

 of the growers. However, if an orchard- 

 ist desired to make a single spraying do 

 for the year an application in August 

 . would give, in this valley, the best degree 

 of control that could be secured by any 

 single application. The reason that the 

 first generation generally produces but 

 little or no loss to the crop is the fact 

 that the dropping of a few infested fruit 

 in mid-summer simply thins the crop and 

 decreases the number of apples, but not 

 the number of pounds of fruit finally 

 harvested. The wormy fruit found at 

 picking time is practically all the result 

 of the work of the later generations of 

 worms, and a thorough spraying in 

 August will destroy the larger propor- 

 tion of these. 



The reason why the single August 

 spraying is not recommended is that 

 while such spraying prevents a large part 

 of the fruit becoming wormy it will not 

 prevent the spots produced by the very 

 young worms before they get enough 

 poison to kill them. These spots are 

 about as conspicuous as those produced 

 by the San Jose scale, and, of course, 

 should be avoided as far as possible. A 

 single spot of this kind does not at pres- 

 ent cause fruit to be graded down, but 

 it is certainly objectionable. 



The present practice of endeavoring to 

 destroy as many as possible of the first 

 brood is correct, according to our present 

 knowledge of the problem, provided they 

 are supplemented by one or more later 

 sprayings. Such a large proportion of 

 the apple orchards are sprayed that the 

 wormy apples now allowed to rot on the 

 ground or sent to the dryers are almost 

 entirely due to the neglect of this very 



Faculty Stronger Than Ever 

 More Progressive Than Ever 



Results Better Than Ever 

 Attendance Larger Than Ever 



Don't Put Off Painting- 

 It Will Prove Costly 



The longer you put off painting 

 the more oil and lead the job 

 will *-ake. 



While you wait your buildings 

 rot, exposed to the weather. 

 The cost of paint made of 



Dutch Boy Painter" 



white lead and pure linscud oil is not 

 so liigli as you may tiiink. 



For an ayurase house, the cost now 

 of thisffenuine old-fashioned, mixed- 

 to-orJer pure white lead paint is not 

 more than 54 or,$5 greater than it 

 used to be. Much cheaper than 

 repair bills. 



M 'ri/e for our free 

 ' ' 1 aniting Kclfs A o. 330 



NATIONAL LEAD 

 COMPANY 



NewYork Cleveland Chica£o 

 St. Louis Boston Puffalo 

 Cincinnati San Francisco 

 (John T. I ,ewi3 (t Bro3. Co., 



Philadelphia) 

 (National Lead and Oil Co.. 

 Pittsburgh) 



ATTEND THE BEST 



Business 

 College 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



necessary part of the program of effective 

 spraying. 



The spraying in August will justify 

 itself in the financial returns from . the 

 crop at least equal to, and in most cases 

 very inuch better, than any of the earlier 

 sprayings. There may be some improve- 

 ment possible in some orchards by 

 increasing the thoroughness of the appli- 

 cation, and perhaps also in the better 

 timing of some of the earlier treatments, 

 but in the majority of cases the spring 

 work is well done, and all that is neces- 

 sary to bring up the general average till 

 it fairly approximates the best practice 

 is the addition of the later sprayings. 

 This is, therefore, the one p()int where 

 we can expect to obtain rapid and 

 tangible results. The general adoption 

 of the autumn spray will add hundreds 

 of carloads to the output of the valley 

 and a corresponding amount to the 

 profits of apple growing in this valley. 

 In these later sprayings the necessity of 

 using a strictly neutral arsenate is par- 

 ticularly apparent. The poisoning effect 

 of arsenicals shows itself in two very 

 different ways. The burning of the edges 

 of the leaves is apparent to everyone in 

 cases where considerable quantities of 

 soluble arsenic enter the plants; some- 

 times quite as serious results may come, 

 however, without characteristic scorch- 

 ing. Chronic poisoning, showing itself 

 only in the yellowing and dropping of 

 the leaves early in the fall, prevents the 

 development of the full size, sweetness 

 and crispness of the apple. In extreme 

 cases this chronic poisoning of arsenic 

 may result in an almost complete loss of 

 the crop on account of their small size 

 and inferior quality. Fortunately for the 

 growers in this region a perfectly neutral 

 arsenic is obtainable, and it is possible to 

 determine both by chemical and foliage 

 tests the character of such an arsenical, 

 and there is no longer any excuse for 

 omitting this spraying, which otherwise 

 would be so dangerous as to render it 

 probleinatical whether their application 

 would be justifiable. If next year is to 

 see the same advance in spraying that 

 the valley has experienced the last three 

 years it can only be done by improving" 

 the spraying practice in the way here 

 suggested. 



At the beginning of my remarks I 

 stated that no equal area in the world 

 showed so universal and efficient spray- 

 ing. It should not be understood that 

 there are numerous smaller areas that 

 are better treated; indeed, it seems to be 

 generally conceded that many of the 

 smaller valleys in the Nnrthwest pro- 



duce fruit which averages much freer 

 from culls than does the Pajaro Valley. 

 It should be our ambition to not only 

 maintain the pre-eminence of amount of 

 spraying, but to produce fruit which will 

 average equal to the best, notwithstand- 

 ing the fact that in some particulars we 

 have greater difficulties to overcome. 



The codling moth is by no means the 

 only cause of cull fruit, nor is it the only 

 insect trouble that has been investigated 

 in this valley. Extensive and significant 

 experiments have been conducted against 

 the tussock moth or horned caterpillar, 

 the canker worm, the tent caterpillar, the 

 woolly aphis and the two species of leaf 

 aphids. Only the tussock moth has been 

 discussed in bulletin form, but others 

 would have been presented by the uni- 

 versity but for the shortage for several 

 years in printing funds. 



Perhaps quite as notable as the positive 

 results has been the immense quantity of 

 negative results, such as those secured by 

 the detailed study of the birds of the 

 Pajaro Valley, which also awaits publi- 

 cation, and those produced by the testing 

 out of hundreds of arsenicals. We trust 

 that ultimately we will be in a position 

 to put these results in tangible form for 



Perfect Control of 

 Heat, Moisture and Ventilation 



in the 



1911 "MANDY LEE" 



Investigate the "Maitdy L«e" right now and 

 send in your order early, for no other ineubator 

 will satisfy you when you know the points of 

 superiority of the "Mandy I^ee." The fac- 

 tory could not fill all orders last season. 



Life-giving Oxygen is supplied free- 

 ly at the egg -level without losing 

 the moisture so necessary at aii times and 

 imperative when the chicks are coining out. 

 No other Incubator on the market 

 gives this important advantage. 



Complete Catalog No. 202 and Lee Booklets free. 

 Send Now. Be iu Time. 



PORTLAND 

 SEED COMPANY 



PORTLAND, OREGON 



WHEN WRITING AHVERTISEKS MENTION RETTER FRUIT 



WHEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



