Page 28 



BETTER FRUIT 



May 



feature of the Rose Festival. At the last 

 show held in June, 1910, three million 

 rose blooms were used in the decorations 

 of the Armory. Roses entered for com- 

 petition were magnificent in quality, and 

 could not be surpassed for size, beauty 

 and perfection at any rose show in the 

 known world. More than three hundred 

 competitive entries were made. Besides 

 this, the city divided into twelve com- 

 petitive districts, poured in its thousands 

 of roses from north, east, south and 



west. Sixt^-four prizes and trophies 

 were awardOT, and 75,000 people visited 

 the show. 



Everything was conducted on a broad, 

 grand and liberal scale, and, I suppose, 

 never was seen a more charming and 

 enchanting sight than that which greeted 

 visitors to that great rose exhibition last 

 June. It certainly was a scene worthy 

 of Portland, and one that to every mind 

 confirmed and sealed the fact that she 

 is of very truth ''Portland, the Rose City." 



LANDSCAPE GARDENING 



BY PROFESSOR ARTHUR L. PECK, OF J. B. F 



THOROUGHLY to understand and 

 properly to appreciate landscape 

 gardening one must be familiar with a 

 few of the basic principles of the art, 

 and also know what we mean by the 

 term "landscape gardening" in the first 

 place. It has been defined by a v.'ell 

 known writer as the arranging surfaces 

 of land a'nd water, with the forms of veg- 

 etation they support, and all such forms 

 of architecture and sculpture that may 

 be thought desirable according to some 

 settled scheme or idea. Landscape gar- 

 dening is a fine art, and is properly 

 placed with painting, sculpture and 

 architecture. That is a fine art which 

 attempts to create organized beauty, to 

 unite several dissimilar parts into one 

 organized whole. 



Granting, 'then, that any landscape 

 composition may be criticised with refer- 

 ence to rules applicable to the other arts, 

 we would expect to find certain similar 

 artistic qualities in all branches. One 

 of the most important of these qualities 

 is "unity." Unity in a landscape com- 

 position means that some one idea shall 

 prevail throughout, and that all details 

 shall be subordinate to it. To attain this 

 unity one must subject all his ideas to 

 one of the two general styles of treat- 

 ment — known as the "formal" and the 

 "natural." The former is characterized 

 by the presence of the straight lines, 

 geometrical forms, architectural features, 

 plane surfaces and sheared or regular 

 forms of trees and shrubs. It is some- 



A BASKET OF PANSIES 

 Portland, Oregon, grown 



AND THE RURAL HOME 



:.KINGTON NURSERY, PORTLAND, OREGON 



times called the "geometrical" or "archi- 

 tectural" style. In the "natural" style 



Photo by C. C. Hiitchins 

 EIGHTEEN-MONTHS-OLD PINK RAMBLER 

 Town home of C. C. Hutchins, White Sahiion 

 Washington 



we find irregular curved lines, broad, 

 sweeping curves in the surfaces; irregular 

 grouping of trees and shrubs, irregular 

 skjdines and the absence of all things 

 which pertain to the architectural. Coun- 

 try homes, surrounded as they are by 

 nature's generous treatment, should be 

 laid out along natural lines. City 

 squares, street parkings, plazas and other 

 limited areas closely associated with 

 large buildings should be treated along 

 formal lines. 



With these general principles in mind 

 let us take up the problem of properly 

 arranging the home grounds so that 

 when the work is complete the grounds 

 and the house, taken together, will pre- 

 sent to the observer a harmonious, pleas- 

 ing picture. 



The first of all to be considered is 

 the convenient arrangement. The most 

 beautiful home or garden is not good if 

 the convenience of the owner is sacri- 

 ficed. Drives and walks should be laid 

 out so that they will be useful. They 

 should be direct and have good grades, 

 and if curved that the deviation from the 

 straight line should be justified. This 

 can be done by taking advantage of the 

 natural contours of the ground, or by 



platting in such a way that it comes very 

 natural to make a detour around the 

 obstacle. Straight lines are many times 

 justified, and unless distance and other 

 conditions warrant it, should be used. 



The foundations of the entire work is 

 the lawn. It should be broad, well 

 graded and well kept in some instances, 

 and should be framed on either side by 

 interesting grouping of foliage. Gener- 

 ally speaking the lawn planting should 

 be carried to the side, or at least related 

 to the border planting, if specimen trees 

 are used. In many farm homes a broad 

 mowing, or meadow, in front of the 

 house is very attractive. In that case 

 the grass should be cropped only in 

 close proximity to the house. The effect 

 of this grouping of foliage on the sides 

 is to frame the home picture and to 

 set off the house to the best possible 

 advantage. 



In arranging planting it is worth while 

 for one to study the works of nature. 

 Note the following outline of young fir 

 growths as they creep into the clearings. 

 You win find that line is irregular, deep 

 bays showing here and there, separated 

 by strong, massive projections. Often- 

 times there will be an individual or two 

 standing out from these strong masses. 

 The straight line is entirely absent, while 

 the outline of the foliage presents long, 

 graceful curves. In choosing the mate- 

 rials to be used locate the coarser tex- 

 ture of the foliage further from the house, 

 and as you approach the home the 

 shrubs and trees should be finer, and be 

 able to bear a closer inspection. Fine 

 flowering shrubs and vines should be 

 used close to the home, and these serve 

 in a way to tie, or to unite, the building 

 with the grounds. Care should be taken, 

 however, not to plant too heavily around 

 the foundation or the appearance of 

 soundness and stability will be lost, 

 because one can get no idea of the 

 foundation on which the structure rests. 



A FEAUTIFUL RESIDENCE CORNER 

 PORTLAND, OREGON 



