igii 



BETTER FRUIT 



Page 45 



much easier to successfully combat the 

 borer in well cared for orchards. 



Owing to the fact that for many years 

 the peach tree borer has been a common 

 and serious enemy of the peach a large 

 number of combatative measures have 

 been tried and recommended for its con- 

 trol. Only a few have been successful, 

 these being either actual destruction of 

 the insect or some application to the bark 

 of the tree to prevent the entrance of 

 the larvae. 



The only practical methods of destroy- 

 ing the insects are the "digging out" 

 method or the gathering of the cocoons. 

 Several other schemes have been tried. 



but have been found impractical, e. g., 

 the "freezing" method, bisulphide of 

 carbon and boiling water or similar 

 applications. 



After four years of experimental work 

 the Cornell station came to the conclu- 

 sion that the peach tree borer is one of 

 the most difficult insects to control. 

 Many mechanical devices and washes 

 were used. Some injured the trees, 

 others were ineffectual and a few were 

 effective to a certain degree. 



The "digging out" should be done 

 twice a year, in September and June. 

 The work done in September will destroy 

 a large number of the small larvae, but 



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on account of their size some will be 

 missed. These may be successfully found 

 the following June, when they have 

 obtained greater growth, and if removed 

 at this time will prevent the production 

 of the moths and a new infection for the 

 followmg year. 



Those substances which killed the trees 

 and classed as dangerous were: Paris 

 green and glue, raupenleim, dendrolene, 

 white paint, white paint and paris green, 

 printer's ink. 



Those found to be practically ineffec- 

 tual or useless were: Wire cages, car- 

 bon bisulphide, asafetida and aloes, lime, 

 salt and sulphur, resin wash, hard soap, 

 tallow, tansy, whale-oil soap, 

 whitewash, lime and linseed 

 oil, hydraulic cement wash, 

 pine tar, Hale's wash (one 

 application). 



Those which kept out over 

 one-half of the borers were: 

 Hale's wash (two applica- 

 tions) kept out one-third to 

 one-half, mounding kept out 

 one -half to seven -tent lis, 

 tarred paper kept out one- 

 half to seven-eighths, and 

 tobacco stems kept out two- 

 thirds to five-sixths. 



Gas tar proved to be the 

 best application tested by the 

 Cornell station. It was used 

 freely on the same trees for 

 three successive years with- 

 out the slightest injury to the 

 trees, and it kept out from 

 four-fifths to all of the borers. 

 Trees should become thor- 

 oughly established and get a 

 year's growth, then there will 

 be very little danger from its 

 use. It is believed that the 

 gas tar, which is a by-product 

 of the gas plants, will prove 

 equally effective whether the 

 borers are dug out or not. 



The peach tree borer is 

 perhaps the most destructive 

 enemy of the peach, and it is 

 evident that no one method 

 will give complete freedom 

 from it. Mounding, paper 

 wrapping, or the deterrent 

 washes should, therefore., be 

 combined with the "digging 

 out" process, and if these are 

 kept up as a regular yearly 

 procedure this pest should be 

 easily kept under control and 

 the amount of labor entailed 

 should steadily diminish. 



In the course of investiga- 

 tions of the peach borer by 

 the United States Bureau of 

 Entomology in 1905 another 

 borer was found infesting the 

 peach, inhabiting principally 

 the trunk, especially of old 

 trees or those showing injury 

 from freezing or other causes. 

 This insect, to be known as 

 the lesser peach borer, Syan- 

 thedon pictipes (G. and R.), 

 causes much injury, feeding 

 on the soft bark and excavat- 

 ing burrows after the manner 

 of the true peach borer. 



WTrEN WRITING ADVERTISERS MENTION BETTER FRUIT 



