68 FRUIT GARDEN COMPANION* 



insects, or any thing that may in future be an injury 

 to the plants. 



And here let me remind the cultivator that it is 

 in the fall that many kinds of insects are concealed 

 in a chrysalis state, and are there awaiting the re- 

 turn of spring or the stronger influence of the 

 gun to hatch them into life. Most of the old kind of 

 decayed vegetables, especially those of a gross porous 

 nature are the very cradles that hatch many kinds of 

 insects into life, and lull the dormant chrysalis dur- 

 ing winter in protected repose. Hence it is evident 

 that the removal of such nuisance is indispensably 

 necessary, in order to counteract a greater evil. 



Art. 2.— Covering and Protecting Trees. 



Many kinds of young and tender trees, require to 

 be protected or guarded from the winter's severity, 

 as the foreign grape, young seedlings, cuttings, and 

 those plants that are not well established and rooted 

 into the soil. The time of doing this is generally 

 about the middle of November or a few days pre- 

 vious to the setting in of the winter. The grape 

 vines and raspberry canes may be laid down into the 

 ground as directed under their proper heads of cul- 

 ture of the grape. Seedlings may be protected if in 

 narrow beds, by placing a quantity of leaves among 

 them and then throwing on each side a quantity of 

 light earth in order to keep it compact about their 

 stems. Young cuttings or other dwarf plants that 

 require protection may be secured by placing about 

 their stems a quantity of rotten manure, leaf mould, 

 or other substance about six or eight inches high, 

 so as to well protect the roots and keep the feeble 



