PROTECTING FRUIT TREES. 145 



will be greater than the benefit. In the selection of 

 trees for this purpose, care should be taken that they 

 are chosen of an upright and rapid growth— thick 

 and bushy in branches and leaves ; they should also 

 be of that kind that do not extend their roots to too 

 great a distance under the ground so as to impover- 

 ish the orchard or garden they are intended to pro-- 

 tect. The elm is of this kind. The best trees for 

 this purpose are among the evergreens ; the pine 5 

 the balsam fir, and the arbor vitae ; — the deciduous 

 trees ; the sugar maple, the horse chesnut, and the 

 locust, are good examples. The elm. the button- 

 ball, the American lime, are all fast growing trees 

 when young ; but they soon spread their roots to a 

 distance and net the ground over to some distance 

 about them, and finally impoverish and exhaust the 

 soil to a very great degree. To this general kind of 

 protection, that of a partial nature is to be consider- 

 ed as protecting certain kinds of trees from the win- 

 ter's severity. The foreign raspberry forms a 

 prominent character in this part of the business, for 

 although it flourishes and bears admirably well in this 

 climate, its wood or canes do not sufBcien-tly ripen 

 to bear the cold winters here ; the canes have 

 therefore to be carefully bent down at the approach 

 of winter, and covered with earth or other substance 

 in order to screen them from the cold and sudden 

 changes in winter. The foreign grape, as the 

 White Sweetwater, Black Hamburgh, and other 

 foreign varieties cultivated out of doors, are sub- 

 ject to the same injuries, and require like care, and 

 indeed in many cases if the native grape were laid 

 down and partially covered in the winter, it would 

 be much the better for such treatment. In some 

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