26 



must be successively headed back iu like manner, in 

 order to get the stem well clothed. The trees, when 

 completed, must form a complete pyramid, the bottom 

 side branches extending about two to three feet from 

 the base of the trunk every way, and tapering pro- 

 gressively towards the summit, which may be from 

 six to seven feet in height. The ordinary rules of 

 thinning to admit light must be practised, together 

 with a course of summer stopping : by the latter 

 means alone, the strength of the tree may at all times 

 be equalised in all its parts. Trees to be thus closely 

 pruned, which must of necessity be the case, should 

 be severely limited at the root. We are of opinion 

 that, wherever such close limitation of the branches is 

 enforced, a compost composed of one-half sound 

 loam, and the other half broken stones, to intercept 

 the too speedy action of the roots, would be very be- 

 neficial. This, however, we have not proved, and 

 merely throw out the hint for those disposed to expe- 

 riment in this way. 



Pendulous or Down Training, — This has been 

 practised with much success for the apple, at Crox- 

 teth Park, the seat of the Earl of Sefton, as also at 

 some other places. We have been in the habit of 

 looking over the Croxteth gardens for nineteen years, 

 and can therefore speak as to the success of this mode. 

 We have, indeed, practised it to a very great extent 



