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of espalier training in practice. These may be com- 

 prised under the following designations. 



1st. The ordinary wood espalier rail. 

 2nd. The strained wire espalier rail. 

 3rd. The cast-iron espalier rail. 

 4th. The horizontal or table trellis. 

 5th. The trellised arcade. 

 6th. The saddle espalier. 

 7th. Pryramidal or conical training. 

 8th. Pendulous or down training. 



These, we believe, will comprise all the best modes 

 in practice, to which the apple can be subjected. 



The Ordinary Wood Espalier Rail. — This is best 

 constructed of larch, or with oak uprights, and a larch 

 rail at top. The uprights, whether of oak or larch, 

 should be charred and tarred, previously, at the lower 

 end. They are placed perpendicularly, at about nine 

 or ten inches apart, and of about five feet in height. 

 The trees, of course, are trained horizontally, and the 

 main leaders should be established in parallel lines, at 

 about nine inches apart. The main fabric of the tree 

 must be progressively formed precisely in the way re- 

 commended by Mr. C. Harrison. The stakes will 

 not last many years, neither is it particularly neces- 

 sary, as the trees, under good management, will sup- 

 port themselves in as short a period. 



