5 



and red at the ends), such are allowed to remain un- 

 touched, as it is on those that fruit are produced. 

 The advantage of shortening back the upright shoot 

 as much as is directed to be done is, that by it 

 branches are certain to be produced at those places 

 desired, so that no vacancy occurs. The leading 

 upright shoot thus attended to will reach the top of 

 a wall twelve feet high in seven years, which is as 

 soon as the tree will be able to do, so as to support 

 every part sufficiently. The tree is always loosened 

 from the wall every winter pruning; the wall is swept 

 and washed, also recoloured with paint or coal tar if 

 required ; the tree is also anointed with composi- 

 tion. Always lay some fresh mulch to the roots of 

 the trees at this time. 



Summer Pruning. — When the buds upon that part 

 of the leading stem which was produced last have 

 pushed, they are all rubbed off to the three uppermost. 

 The topmost is trained straight up the wall, as a 

 leader to the main stem ; and the two others, one on 

 each side. The instructions given for stopping the 

 leading shoot in summer, also shortening it back in 

 winter pruning, &c, are attended to until the tree 

 arrives at a few inches from the top of the wall. The 

 side branches are allowed to grow without being 

 shortened back at any time, until they have extended 

 as far as can be permitted, when they are pruned in 

 every winter, by cutting back each leading shoot to 



