99 



by winding tarred bandages round the upper portion 

 of the trunks. (Gard. Chron. 1844, 555.) 



The Apple or Codling Moth (Carpocapsa po- 

 monelld) % — It is only upon the pulpy parts of the 

 apple (h, i) that the larva • (k) of the apple moth 

 feeds during the greater part of its growth : when, 

 however, it has nearly attained its full size, it begins 

 to feed on the pips of the apple, which, thus attacked 

 in its most vital part, soon falls to the ground. The 

 caterpillar, however, has now ceased feeding : it has 

 other operations to undergo ; and no sooner is the 

 apple fallen to the ground, than it quits the fruit by 

 the passage (/) which it had previously gnawed, and 

 thus all traces of its steps are lost to the inquirer. A 

 hundred apples may be opened, and not more than two 

 or three larvae observed within them ; the orifice by 

 which they have escaped being open, and not concealed 

 by a little mass of brown grains, which is the case 

 with those apples from which the larvae has not made 

 its escape. These little grains are the excrement of 

 the larvae, which are also to be seen in the burrows 

 formed by them within the apple, and which are pro- 

 truded through the hole previously made in the cir- 

 cumference of the fruit, being attached together by 

 slender threads spun by the caterpillar. When, 

 therefore, the larvae makes its escape, it clears away 

 the mass of dry excrementitious matter at the orifice 

 h 2 



