2 - 



Dorman t oil spray . — The most frequently an-olied control measure, a.nd 

 the one that often gives a high degree of success, consists of a dormant- 

 strength oil emulsion or miscitle-oil spray. This should he applied 

 thoroughly to the infested parts during the period of the year ^hen the 

 plajit is dormant. It is especially effective when used in the early spring 

 just "before new growth starts. Oil spravs should not "be used where there is 

 danger of freezing shortly after the application. Oil emulsions can "be "home 

 made "but they are difficult to prepare properly. It is therefore advised 

 that standard commercially prepared "brands "be purchased from reliable local 

 insecticide dealers. These snulsions should "be used at the strength recom- 

 mended by the manufacturer, w'jiich is to be found on t"ne label on the package 

 or in accompanying leaflets. 



Lime- sulphur spray . - Lime-sulphur sprays at dormant strength also 

 make a good fall, winter, or spring treatment for scale-infested trees or 

 shrubs, but should be avoided near wood^'^ork, as the spray discolors the 

 paint. Lime-sulphur can also be prepared at home but the task is difficult. 

 It is advised t'hat standard commercially prepared brands be purchased from 

 reliable local insecticide dealers and that t"hese be used according to the 

 manufacturer's directions. 



- Summer oil , nicotine , and soap spray . — During the growing season a 

 mild miscible oil (or oil emulsion), nicotine sulphate, soap, and wa.ter 

 spray will usually give a hig"n percentage of kill of the young scales or 

 "crawlers". To use this met"hod of control effectively, keep a close watch 

 on the infested plant material for the appearance of the cra'^lers in consid- 

 erable numbers. When they are abundant, spray the plant thoroughly with the 

 mixture, '"hich is prepared as follows: 



1/2 pint of a standard brand of oil emulsion or miscible oil 



1/2 pound of soap flakes 



^ teaspoonfuls of nicotine sulp"hate (^0 percent nicotine) 

 3 l/^ gallons of water 



CLEAN CULTURE AND CARE OE PLA^ITS 



Do not buy or plant scale-infested plants about your place, "^en you 

 find a plant that has been partly destroyed by scales, take out the portion 

 that can be spared and burn it. However, if a shrub is very badly infested, 

 or if the removal of the damaged iDarts ^'ould make, the . plant unsightly, it is 

 often advisable to take up and burn the entire plant. Keep plants growing 

 ^ell; scale-infested plants or plants that have recently been infested by 

 scale should be given mild fertilization and occasional ^^atering in nrder 

 to build up their vigor. 



WILLIA.M MIDDLETON, 

 Entomologist, 



