METHOD OF DEFECATION WITHOUT ANIMAL CHARCOAL. lOo 



made to boil smartly for a few minutes, and any scum which 

 may appear removed, the heat should be withdrawn, 

 and the liquid passed through calico filters into the next 

 vessel. No lime or other temper should be used during 

 the first operation, as lime has the effect of redissolving a 

 portion of the albumen, which does not reappear till the 

 liquor becomes more concentrated by the increased heat, and 

 the lime would also liberate a portion of the chiorophylle, 

 and communicate a green tinge to the liquor. 



By the process just described, the liquor will have been 

 freed from its insoluble and albuminous impurities, and 

 will then contain " caseine/' the " matiere deliquescente," 

 and the soluble salts. In order to separate the " matiere 

 deliquescente," an infusion of tannin must be used, which 

 can easily be prepared from nutgalls. Dr. Evans gives 

 the following simple directions for preparing it : — " To 

 two ounces of nutgalls, finely bruised, add half a-gallon of 

 boiling water : infuse for VZ hours, and strain/" The above 

 quantity the Doctor describes as sufficient for 400 gallons 

 of juice, but the exact amount can be best determined by 

 practice. I have found a less quantity enough for produc- 

 ing a sufficient coagulation in 500 gallons. Before adding 

 the infusion of tannin to the liquor, the latter should be 

 accurately neutralized by milk of lime, using litmus paper 

 as the test. By this means the coagulation of the caseine 

 will be effected, after which, the infusion of galls must be 

 added, which will cause the coagulation of the cc matiere 

 deliquescente," leaving in a state of solution, in the liquor. 



