224 



of being counted. Nor does the mode of propagation continue the 

 same with reference to number only. The process inherited from 

 the germinal vesicle by its twin offspring, reappears in the progeny 

 of these. Every cell, whatever its minuteness, if its interior can 

 be discerned, is found filled with the foundations of new cells, into 

 which its nucleus has been resolved. Together with a doubling of 

 the number of the cells, there occurs also a diminution of their size. 

 The cells are at first elliptical, and become globular. 



The above mode of augmentation, namely the origin of cells in 

 cells, appears by no means to be limited to the period in question. 

 Thus it is very common to meet with several varieties of epithelium - 

 cells in the oviduct, including those which carry cilia, filled with 

 cells ; but the whole embryo at a subsequent period is composed 

 of cells filled with the foundations of other cells. 



In the second series of these researches, it was shown that the 

 mulberry-like object above mentioned, is found to contain a cell 

 larger than the rest, elliptical in form, and having in its centre a 

 thick- walled hollow sphere, which is the nucleus of this cell. It 

 was further shown that this nucleus is the rudimental embryo. From 

 what has been just stated, it appears, that the same process, by 

 which a nucleus in one instance transforms itself into the embryo, 

 is in operation in another instance, where the product does not ex- 

 tend beyond the interior of a minute and transitory cell. Making 

 allowance, indeed, for a difference in form and size, the description 

 given of the one might be applied to the other. It was shown in 

 the second series, that in the production of the embryo out of a 

 nucleus, layer after layer of cells come into view in the interior, 

 while layers previously formed are pushed further out ; each of the 

 layers being so distinctly circumscribed as to appear almost mem- 

 branous at its surface. The same membranous appearance presents 

 itself at the surface of the several layers of a nucleus in many situa- 

 tions. Farther, in the formation of the embryo, a pellucid centre 

 is the point around which new layers of cells continually come into 

 view ; a centre corresponding to that giving origin to similar ap- 

 pearances in every nucleus described in the present memoir. It was 

 shown that in the embryo this mysterious centre is present until it 

 has assumed the form of the cavity, including the sinus rhomboidalis^ 

 in the central portion of the nervous system. 



The process above described as giving origin to the new being in 

 the mammiferous ovum, is no doubt universal. The author thinks 

 that there is evidence of its occurrence in the ova of batrachian 

 Keptiles, some osseous Fishes, and certain of the.MoUusca ; though 

 the explanation given of these has been of a very different character. 

 It has hitherto been usual to regard the round white spot, or cica- 

 tricula, on the yelk of the bird's laid egg, as an altered state of the 

 discus vitellinus in the unfecundated ovarian ovum. So far from 

 thinking that such is the case, the author believes the whole sub- 

 stance of the cicatricula in the laid egg to have its origin within the 

 germinal vesicle, in the same manner as in the ovum of Mammalia. 

 There is no fixed relation between the degree of development of 



