227 



Winds, influenced in tlieir direction by the occurrence of the Lunar 

 Apsides, with some concluding observations on the result." By 

 Luke Howard, Esq., F.R.S., &.c. 



From the Tables here given, the author draws the following con- 

 clusions : — 



1 . The barometer is higher under the lunar apogee, than under 

 the perigee ; the mean height in the former case being 29 •845 17, 

 and in the latter, 29-75542. 



2. The mean temperature is lower under the apogee than under 

 the perigee; that of the former being 48°- 7 126, and of the latter, 

 49°-0356. The mean of the whole year was 48°-7126. 



3. The rain of the weeks following the apsis exceeds that under 

 the perigee ; but with two striking exceptions in the annual result 

 of nine years, the one in the wettest, and the other in the driest 

 year of the cycle. 



With regard to the winds, the author remarks that those from 

 the north, north-east, and east, prevailed under the apogee on 38 

 days, under the perigee on 21 days; and those from the south, 

 south-west, and west, prevailed under the apogee on 20 days, 

 under the perigee on 38 days. 



It appears, therefore, that in the climate of London, the moon 

 in her perigee brings over us the southern atmosphere, which 

 tends to lower the density and raise the temperature of the air, 

 occasioning also a larger precipitation of rain. In the apogee, on 

 the contrary, there is a freer influx of air from the northward, a 

 higher barometer, a lower temperature, and less rain ; subject, 

 however, to a large addition of rain under this apsis twice in a 

 cycle of nine years, at the times when also the extremes of wet and 

 dry take place on the w^hole amount of the year. 



A paper was also read entitled, " Experimental Researches into 

 the strength of Pillars of Cast Iron, and other materials." By 

 Eaton Hodgkinson, Esq. Communicated by Peter Barlow, Esq., 

 F.R.S., &c. 



The author finds that in all long pillars of the same dimensions, 

 the resistance to crushing by flexure is about three times greater 

 when the ends of the pillars are flat, than when they are rounded. 

 A long uniform cast-iron pillar, with its ends firmly fixed, whether 

 by means of disks or otherwise, has the same power to resist break- 

 ing as a pillar of the same diameter, and half the length, with the 

 ends rounded, or turned so that the force would pass through the axis. 

 The strength of a pillar with one end round and the other flat, is 

 the arithmetical mean between that of a pillar of the same dimen- 

 sions with both ends round, and one with both ends flat. Some 

 additional strength is given to a pillar by enlarging its diameter in 

 the middle part. 



The author next investigated the strength of long cast-iron 



