or two from the trunk. But where it is intended merely to 

 test the cion as to its fruiting possibilities, time being an 

 object, it is placed far out among the smaller branches by 

 what is called the ''tongue/' or "whip/' graft. 



In sawing limbs over an inch thick to serve as stocks, 

 care must be exercised that the limb does not split. In 

 order to avoid this, saw part way through from the bottom, 

 and finish it by sawing from the top. Most persons who 

 graft do not trim the stock after it has been cut, but I have 

 found that the cambium layers join much more readily if 

 the top of the stock is trimmed carefully with a knife, so 

 that it is smooth all around the edges. Clean incisions heal 

 best with vegetable as with animal tissues. 



In making the ''cleft" graft, the stock is split with a 

 grafting tool. The wedge-shaped portion of this tool is 

 for the purpose of holding the cleft open until the cions 

 have been inserted. The cions are cut and connected with 

 the bark usually one on each side of the cleft. When the 

 tool is removed, the sides of the stock hold the cions tightly, 

 so that it is seldom necessary to tie a string or piece of 

 cloth around the graft. It is usually best to put on a piece 

 of cloth, however, after waxing. This insures more uniform 

 results. 



Grafting wax, a formula for which will be given pres- 

 ently, is usually applied several inches below the crack 

 which was made for the cleft in which to insert the cions. 



In some cases, however, the stock will later crack below 

 the point where the grafting v/ax was applied, and when 

 this occurs there is danger of the graft dying. For this 

 reason it is wise to examine the grafts and where any open 

 crack is found, additional wax should be applied. 



Grafting-Wax Formula 



Mention has been m^de of grafting wax, as being very 

 generally used to protect cion and stock during the progress 

 of healing and union of tissue. After testing many formu- 

 las, I selected the following, and no other has been used 

 for many years. 



Eight pounds of common resin and one pound of beeswax 

 or paraffin (either will do if no acid or alkali is present, 

 though beeswax is generally preferred) are mixed with one 



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