NORTHERN SUGAR INDUSTRY. 43 



on with a full head, so as to at once throw the whole mass into violent 

 ebullition. 



For this end the pressure of the steam ought not to be less than four 

 atmospheres (60 pounds). 



The boiling was continued until the sirup marked 20^ B. while still 

 hot. It was then dropped into a receiving tank, whence it was sucked 

 up into the vacuum pan and concentrated to 44° to 45^ B. 



With juice of this kind I found it impossible to "boil to grain," al- 

 though many faithful attempts were made. It was not difficult to start 

 the crystals, but with a sirup so poor in sucrose and so rich in other 

 .sugars it was quite impossible to nourish them. 



When sufficiently concentrated the mass was dropped into wagons 

 holding three hectoliters (85 gallons) and placed in the crystallizing 

 room. 



This room was kept at a temperature of 40° C. (106^ F.), and after five 

 to ten days the crystallization was complete and the melada ready for the 

 centrifugal. The sugar made in this way, while of course raw, never- 

 theless had a nice yellow color and an agreeable flavor.* 



CANE WORKED FOR SIRUP. 



The cane which was harvested from September 29 to October 3, in- 

 clusive, was so very poor in quality that no attempt was made to crys- 

 tallize the juice. 



The total weight of this cane was 174,000 pounds; its content of su- 

 crose was 6.73 i)er cent., and of other sugars 6.16 per cent. 



Per cent. 



Total sugars 12.89 



Total solicit 13.64 



Solids not sugar 76 



Coefficient of purity , 50.00 



Since long experience has shown that substances other than sucrose 

 in solution prevent their equal weight of sucrose from cr^ stallizing, it 

 is apparent that in such a juice all hope of obtaining crystals must end 

 in disappointment. 



The quantity of sirup made from the 174,000 pounds cane was 1,104 

 gallons. The weight per gallon was 1L.5 pounds. 



Total weight sirup made, 1,104x11.5=12,696 pounds. Number of 

 gallons of sirup per ton of cane, 12.7. The sirup is of fine flavor, but 

 rather dark in color, owing to using lime to exact neutrality. 



NOTES ON RESULTS OF WORK. 



1. Single milling, i. e., passing canes through one three-roll mill, gives 

 so poor a yield that it will have to be abandoned for sorghum working. 



* The weigUt of sugar made from 572,350 pounds of cane was 7,160 pounds, or 1.24 

 per cent. 



The per cent, of sugar obtained from the expressed j nice was 7, 160 X 100 -f- (572,350 X 

 .419) = 2.99. 



If 60 per cent, juice had been expressed the yield would have been 35.7 pounds per 

 ton of cane. 



