50 



THE OEANGE, 



Not Difficult.— The novice should not 

 allow himself to be dazed by the multi- 

 plicity of geometrical figures which I have 

 given in explaining the nomenclature of 

 the system. It does not require a surveyor 

 to stake off the orchard ground in Septu- 

 ple form. On the' contrary, when you 

 once grasp the theory you^will find it as 

 easy as any other system. 



Septuple Illustrated.— To give an oc- 

 cular demonstration of an orchard planted 

 by this system, I present a diagram after 

 the manner of those in preceding chap- 

 ters: 



******* 



* * * * * * 



* * * * * * * 



* * * * * * 

 ****** * 



* * * * * * 



* * * * * iii * 



Fia. 17 — septuple orchakd illustrated. 



Method of Staking. — The staking is 

 done in substantially the same way as de- 

 scribed in the Quincunx planting. Run 

 two check- rows of stakes along opposite 

 sides of the orchard, and, in using the 

 chain, alternate the check-tags as previ- 

 ously described. By shifting the chain 

 back and forth the trees are brought alter- 

 nately opposite (Fig. 11). 



Key to the Septuple System.— Ii is 

 in setting the stakes in the check-rows that 

 the difference between this and all other 

 systems occurs. This must be explained 

 at length. In Fig. 18 it is plainly observ- 

 able that the trees in opposite rows ar- 

 range themselves in triangles. 



C * * * 



A B - * 



*Fia. 18— triangular arrangement. 

 It has been explained that the trees are 

 equal distances apart each way, and hence 

 A B C is an equilateral triangle. Now, we 

 have the simple geometrical problem: — 



Giyen an equilateral triangle, A B C, to 

 find its altitude. 



C 



D 



FIG. 19— AN equilateral TRIANGLE TO 

 FIND ITS ALTITUDE. 



Drop a perpendicular from the apex C 

 upon the base A B. Then A D C is a 

 rightangle triangle. The dimension of 

 the side A C is known. The dimension 

 of A D is one-half of A B. We wish to 

 ascertain the dimension C D. The formu- 

 la is: 



(A C2— A D2)=CD 



If the trees are planted twenty feet 

 apart, we have the problem in figures 

 thus: 



>/ (202 — 102) 



SOLUTION. 



202=400. 

 102 = 100. 

 400—100 = 300. 



-v/ 300=17^ (nearly), or 17 feet 4 inches. 



Answer. — If A C is twenty feet and A D 

 ten feet, then the distance from C to D is 

 seventeen feet and four inches. 



The orchard being staked on the Septu- 

 ple system, with the trees twenty feet 

 apart, the stakes in the check-rows should 

 be seventeen feet and four inches apart. 



Having slaked the check-rows the re- 

 quired distance, proceed to stretch the 

 chain and set the stakes exactly as de- 

 scribed in Quincunx planting. Remem- 

 ber the injunction there given to pull out 

 alternate stakes in the check-rows when 

 you are through with them. (See Fig. 12.) 



Distance for Check-Rows. — For con- 

 venience of reference, I append a table, 

 showing the distances at which the check- 

 stakes should be set for various spaces: 



10 feet apart 8 feet 8 inches. 



12 " 10 " 4 2-5*' 



14 " 12 " % " 



16 " 13 " 10^ " 



18 " 15 " 7 



20 " 17 " 4 " 



21 " 18 " 214 " 



22 " 19 % 



24 " 20 " 914 " 



