ITS CULTUEE IN CALIFOENIA. 



67 



to suit requirements. The strongest is 

 needed in treating obstinate cases of scale. 

 For simply washing trees to cleanse them, 

 and as a measure of prevention I recom- 

 mend the following : 



A Simple Wash.— Heat the water al- 

 most to the boiling point and dissolve in 

 it sufficient concentrated lye to make it 

 slippery between the fingers. Then add 

 whale-oil soap, a quarter pound to the 

 gallon. The solution may be applied to 

 the trees hot without danger of injuring 

 them. 



STRONaER Solutions. — For stronger 

 washes, and those of various kinds, such 

 as tobacco mixture, coal oil emulsion, etc., 

 see the recipes of Matthew Cooke in the 

 Appendix to this work. 



Method of Application.— A broom or 

 a scrubbing brush is serviceable for wash- 

 ing the stock and main limbs of the tree. 

 In treating the tops, the solution may be 

 ^'switched" in with a broom or brush or 

 sprayed with a hand sprinkler. The 

 switching process is available only with 

 small trees when the tops are well thinned 

 out. For those of larger growth a hand 

 sprinkler, such as shown in the accom- 

 panying illustration, is used: 



Fia, 1— THE SPRAYER. 



In treating an orchard of full grown 

 seedlings, these apparatus are in turn, in- 

 adequate, and to avoid tediousness, resort 

 must be had to a force pump like that 

 shown in Fig. 2. 



Fia. 2— THE FORCE PUMP. 



The Sprayer.— Fig. 1 illustrates a hand 

 sprayer -with the nozzle attached to the 

 piston: The bucket containing the solu- 

 tion is placed on the ground and the ap- 

 paratus worked with both hands. This 

 will throw a rose-spray to the heighth of 

 twelve or fifteen feet, or a solid stream 

 twenty feet. 



The pump shown in Fig 2 is known as 

 the Excelsior No. 1. It is generally 

 mounted on a barrel containing the solu- 

 tion, and the whole apparatus is hauled 

 about the orchard in a wagon. The ad- 

 vantage of this pump is that, being dou- 

 ble acting, it throws a continuous stream. 

 Double hose may be attached, thus giving 

 two streams simultaneously. The wash 

 is applied through a three-quarter inch 

 hose twelve or fifteen feet long with a noz- 

 zle of ordinary iron pipe eight or ten feet 

 long, which can be pushed well into the 

 top of the tree by the operator. The 

 spray is formed by closing the end of the 

 pipe excepting only a thin slit. Four men 

 make up the spraying party:— one to 

 drive the team, one to work the pump and 

 two to hold the nozzles. With this force 

 at work an orchard is soon gone over. 



CHAPTER XX. 



WORKING, WATCHING AND WAITING. 



*' But the waiting time, my brothers, Is the hardest preceding chapter, the orange tree loses a 

 time of all." year's growth in trans-planting. Under 



A Year or Two Lost.— As stated in a the most favorable circumstances it is not 



