When tc seed : In order to take full advantage of the seedbed prepara- 

 tion afforded by skidding, seeding may be done as soon as possible after 

 the soil is disturbed for the last tine, except that seeding in mid- 

 summer or midwinter is not recommended. 



ASPSI AREAS . 



Although aspen is not a major type in I'.ontana , it does cover a consi- 

 derable acreage of grazing land, mainly at medium to high elevations on 

 the national forests. Many of the aspen areas have been rather severely 

 depleted because of stock shading up under them during hot weather, or 

 because of heavy grazing use brought about by nearness to water. 



Research in the Intermountain Region has demonstrated that aspen areas 

 can be successfully seeded very easily. 



Ecw to seed: Simply broadcast the seed either by hand, with a cyclone 

 seeder, or on extensive areas from an airplane. Many small, depleted 

 aspen areas could be seeded incidental to other fall range work, whereas 

 some few may be large enough to warrant special efforts to seed them. 



What to seed : A few good grasses have shown special ability to germinate 

 and to thrive in aspen shade. The following mixture is suggested: 



bnecies 



A sr. en Tvoe 



Ids. "per acre 



Orchardgrass 



i 2 



Smooth brome 





Mountain brome 



g 



Tall oatgrass 





Timothy 





Total: 



11 



When tc seed : Seed in the fall just before, during, or soon after leaf 

 fall. Aspen leaves cover the seeds and provide favorable germinating 

 conditions . 



MISCELLAISO'JS AREAS . 



A few other situations deserve mention here, but not in as great detail, 

 either because they are special, rather isolated problems, or because 

 less information is available concerning tham. 



Bi~ game winter ranges present a challenging problem in management and 

 revegetation. Reseeding is complicated by the fact that these ranges 

 are often so steep and remote that methods used on other ranges may not 

 be usable. Even where seeding could be done with common methods, 

 inability to provide protection from early spring grazing and trampling 

 limits the chances for success. 



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