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answers for a handle ; it is worked with both hands 

 over one knee ; the depth that the roots are buried 

 does not seem to be of any moment, provided the 

 trees are firmly fixed, so as to prevent the wind from 

 driving them down. I have never observed any 

 pruning performed, except such as is done by bul- 

 locks, horses, donkeys, &c. ; and as I have not observed 

 any horse-ladders" here in use, of course the pruning 

 is not very effectively performed about the top part of 

 the very lofty trees. The only digging or stirring the 

 surface of the ground among the trees that I have 

 observed is done by pigs, which are occasionally 

 allowed to rove in some orchards at certain seasons of 

 the year, with the rings taken from their snouts. In 

 a moist season these intelligent animals occasionally 

 turn up the ground in a tolerably regularly manner ; 

 and where this is the case the good effects of their 

 industry are obvious. However, it is only on rare 

 occasions that they are allowed to perform this sur- 

 face operation. The animals that do the pruning are 

 the principal business-performing creatures, as, in 

 addition to that operation, they tread down the under 

 crop of grass, weeds, and other rubbish, take the fruit 

 to the cider-mill, and the cider to the consumer ; 

 besides, on rare occurrences, a little manure is con- 

 vejed by them, and placed over the roots, close to the 

 trunks of the trees ; it is sometimes, although rarely, 

 placed at the great distance of three or four feet from 



