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They are preferable because they produce trees much 

 less vigorous and free in their growth than are those 

 worked on free stocks. Paradise stocks are those 

 raised from layers, cuttings, or suckers of cultivated 

 apples. Those raised from suckers are frequently 

 called Butch Paradise stocks. For moist soils we 

 think Paradise stocks are most suitable, and for very 

 dry localities, the free stocks. 



Do not disturb the roots of apples intended to be 

 grafted the same season ; the check in the first 

 instance would render the success of the operation of 

 grafting precarious. The branches or stems of trees 

 intended to be grafted should be cut back before 

 spring. We are quite aware that it has been recom- 

 mended to remove the young trees once or twice dur- 

 ing the time they remain in the nursery, under the 

 idea of increasing the number of their roots : but this 

 practice is only eligible with trees which do not 

 readily grow when transplanted. Mr. Knight always 

 found the growth of young apple-trees to be much 

 retarded, and a premature disposition to blossom to 

 be brought on by it, and could not afterwards observe 

 that those trees, which had been twice removed, grew 

 better than others. It has also been supposed that 

 many small roots, proceeding immediately from the 

 trunk, are in future growth of the tree to be preferred 

 to a few large ones ; but as the large roots of necessity 

 branch into smaller ones, and probably extend to a 



