127 



and more certainly. Plant the cuttings in February, 

 and do not move the hand-glass, except to give water, 

 until the rooting is effected. Air may be admitted 

 in July, and the glass finally removed in August, and 

 the whole transplanted into the nursery rows during 

 October. Trees raised from cuttings always are more 

 dwarf than those propagated in any other mode, and 

 excellent specimens may be thus grown for forcing in 

 pots. 



It will now be seen that very similar results will 

 be produced by the use of the Paradise stock by lay- 

 ering and by cuttings : they all have a tendency to a 

 dwarfing system by exchanging tap or deep roots for 

 fibrous surface roots. The latter are closely connected 

 with habits of fruitfulness, as is well kno^Mi, more es- 

 pecially in young trees. 



When the crab stock is employed cur ordinary 

 loamy soils will suffice ; when, however, the Paradise 

 stock, the layer, or the cutting is employed, the soil 

 should receive some manuring in addition. This may 

 frequently be apphed as top-dressing, as will be shewn 

 hereafter. 



SOIL, SITUATION, AND MANURES. 



The character of the soil is of much importance 

 with the apple, more especially in laying the founda- 

 tion for a permanent orchard ; for, with regard to es- 

 paliers or dwarf standards in kitchen gardens, the 



