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tered situations, and deep rich soils, where the trees 

 are Httle exposed to winds, and attain a large size, 

 wider intervals must be allowed them. In the former 

 instances, a distance of twelve yards between each 

 row, and half as much between each tree, will be suffi- 

 cient ; in the latter, twenty-four yards between each 

 row, and eight between each tree, will not be found 

 too much, particularly if the ground be intended for 

 tillage after the trees have grown to a considerable size. 

 An opinion rather generally prevails at present in fa- 

 vour of planting single trees at twenty or twenty-five 

 yards distance from each other on arable grounds, 

 and specious reasons may be offered in defence of 

 this practice. The roots, as well as the branches, are 

 at perfect liberty to extend themselves in every direc- 

 tion ; but the latter are every way exposed to the 

 storms of autumn, and to the cold winds of the 

 spring ; and trees of more hardy kinds than the apple 

 are well known to grow much better when planted 

 near enough to afford each other protection, than 

 when totally insulated. It might be supposed that 

 trees growing in distant rows will not regularly occupy 

 the whole surface of the ground with their roots, but 

 these always extend far beyond the branches, and will 

 meet across very wide intervals. Closely planted 

 orchards, where the trees afford each other protection, 

 will ever be found most productive in a climate which 

 is as subject as ours to great and sudden changes of 



