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springing afterwards. When the trees are thinned of 

 the old shoots, as above stated, the young side shoots 

 are to be spurred in, that is, so shortened, that only 

 two or three buds are left on them, and the leading 

 top shoots shortened to half their length. 



The following and every succeeding year, the 

 trees to be treated in the same manner as respects 

 the yoimg wood, till they acquire the desired height, 

 when the leading shoots are to be shortened, as the 

 side shoots or spurs had been previously. AMien the 

 leading shoots show^ an inclination to grow very luxu- 

 riantly, which is apt to be the case under this treat » 

 ment, they should be prevented doing so, by cutting 

 off part of the old wood, along with the young shoot 

 immediately above a flower bud. This will prevent 

 the shoot so cut from increasing in length. The spurs 

 must be treated in a similar manner, by cutting off a 

 small portion of the old wood along with the youngs 

 where they are getting too long. 



Young trees are to be treated in the following 

 manner. If there are more than three shoots on the 

 plant, reduce them to that number, and shorten each 

 to three, four, or six eyes, according to their strength. 

 The following season reduce the number of leading 

 shoots to six, and shorten them to three-fourths of 

 their length, and spur in the remaining shoots. The 

 tree should be managed in every respect in this man- 

 ner until it has attained the required size, which of 



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