MAINTENANCE EATIONS OF CATTLE. 



47 



The data contained in the foregoing pages may be summarized in 

 the following table showing the maximum, minimum, and average 

 maintenance rations in various experiments. Armsby and Fries's 

 results, as already noted, have been corrected to 12 hours standing. 

 No statement of the amount of time passed standing and lying, 

 respectively, is given in the reports of the other experiments. 



Daily maintenance rations of cattle per 1,000 pounds live weight. 



Investigators. 



Condition 

 of animals. 



Num- 

 ber of 

 ani- 

 mals. 



Num- 

 ber of 

 single 

 trials. 



Metabolizable energy. 



Maxi- 

 mum. 



Mini- 

 mum. 



Aver- 

 age. 



Available energy. 



Maxi- 

 mum. 



Mini- 

 mum. 



Aver- 



Armsby and Fries. . 



Kellner 



Do. 



Armsbv (coarse fod- 

 der). 



Armsby (much 

 grain). 



Haecker 



Evvard, 60-day ex- 

 periment. 



Evvard, 302-day ex- 

 periment. 



Evvard, second ex- 

 periment. 



Average of all ex- 

 periments. 



Average of respira- 

 tion experiments. 



Thin 



do... 



Fat 



Thin 



....do... 



....do... 

 ....do... 



do.... 



Partly fat- 

 tened. 



/Thin 



\Fat 



Thin 



Therms. 

 12.78 

 12. 84 

 16.80 

 13. 34 



10.98 



10.75 

 10. 42 



13. 34 

 12.84 



Therms. 

 8.52 

 9.32 

 13. 86 

 11.62 



8.57 



8. 83 

 8.57 



8.52 



Therms. 

 10. 90 

 10. 87 

 15. 05 

 12. 32 



9. 86 



9.51 

 9.54 



10.50 

 15. 05 

 10.89 



Therms. 

 7. 06 

 7.32 

 9. 58 

 7.60 



6. 26 



6.45 

 7. 85 



10. 62 



7. 32 



Therms. 

 4. 86 

 5.31 

 7. 75 

 6. 62 



5. 30 

 6. 45 



r. is 



4.86 

 "4.86 



Therms. 

 6.11 

 6.20 

 8. 58 

 7.02 



5.62 



5.71 

 7. 18 



9.07 



6. 31 

 8.8S- 

 6.16 



The foregoing results justify the statement that the maintenance 

 ration of thin cattle, expressed in terms of available energy, ranges 

 in general from 5 to 7.5 therms per 1,000 pounds live weight, aver- 

 aging a little above 6 therms. The maintenance ration of fat animals 

 appears to be distinctly greater than that of thin ones. 



It should be noted that the term available energy is used in the 

 sense defined on pages 20-22, as determined by a comparison of ex- 

 periments upon submaintenance rations. This available energy is 

 not necessarily identical with the energy values in terms of which 

 the values of feeding stuffs and the requirements of animals have 

 been expressed by Kellner and others (compare Farmers' Bulletin 

 346), since his results were obtained by a comparison of super- 

 maintenance (productive) rations. Such scanty data as are now on 

 record seem to indicate that the two are substantially the same in 

 case of concentrated feeds, but that the available energy of coarse 

 feeds below maintenance may be greater than their productive values 

 above the point of maintenance. If this should prove to be the case, 

 then evidently an estimated requirement of 6 therms of Kellner's pro- 

 duction values will give a maintenance ration ample for practical 

 purposes, but which will be a somewhat too large deduction to make 

 in estimating the productive part of the ration. 



