GRAFTING- AND BUDDING. 



25 



mound is cleared away, and the young stems which have 

 taken root are separated from the stump, and planted out. If 

 a shoot should he badly rooted, it should be earthed up again 

 until the following year. Stumps may be thus layered every 

 year, or every second year. 



Cuttings. 



Pieces of branches or of roots, when placed in the soil, take 

 root, grow, and form new plants. These pieces, if of branches, 

 should be from ten to sixteen inches long, and have one or 

 more eyes. If of roots, they may be from two inches to six 

 inches in length. Cuttings of branches are planted in spring 

 or in autumn, and at this last season should be planted at 

 once, as soon as they are prepared. If planted in spring, they 

 should be prepared during the previous winter, when they 

 should be cut, and buried vertically, upside down, in a trench 

 deep enough to cover them completely. "When spring 

 arrives, they are planted out in their natural position, and 

 so as to have one or two eyes above ground. Kinds that are 

 inclined to throw out underground shoots, like the Manetti 

 stock, should have all the eyes removed from the part of the 

 cuttings which is buried. A cutting with two eyes should 

 be completely buried in the earth in a vertical position. This 

 is a good plan for subjects of a tender kind, which do not bear 

 frost well, as the vine and the fig. Instead of a shoot, a 

 thick branch or a stem may, in some cases, be planted as 

 a cutting, and will take root. The poplar and willow succeed 

 in this way. Root cuttings consist of pieces of root from two 

 inches to six inches long. They are planted in trenches in a 

 shady place, in such a way that a very small portion of each 

 cutting is exposed to the air. Short cuttings which have not 

 more than a single bud are planted under glass in a cool 

 place. Cuttings of evergreens succeed best in this way. 



