GRAFTING AND BUDDING. 



177 



in the English way (in Maxell and April) ; by approach (during 

 the season of growth) ; close to the ground, or as standards. 



Remarks. — Deciduous kinds should be grafted on the 

 common Oak. either by cleft-grafting, or in the f orkings of the 

 branches, in spring, in the open air, or by side -grafting in 

 autumn under glass. Evergreen varieties should be grafted 

 on Quercus Ilex or Q. Cerris by cleft-grafting or side-grafting, 

 either in July under glass, or in April in the open air. The 

 leaves of the scions should be cut off. 



Chaenomeles. 



Stock. — Pyrus or Cydonia japonica (from seed or root- 

 cuttings). Mode of Grafting.— Shield-budding (in summer in 

 the open air) ; cleft -grafting (in winter under glass); veneer- 

 ing ; close to the ground. 



Remarks. — The early vegetation of this shrub indicates an 

 early time for grafting. Use for scions those shoots that are 

 not too hard ; the grafts will take all the better for doing so. 

 Although this is a deciduous subject, it is best to retain a 

 couple of leaves on the scion. Cleft-grafting is performed in 

 January and February, and the grafts are to be placed under a 

 cloche or frame. Although sheltered in this way, it will be 

 necessary to apply mastic to the grafts. Veneering is per- 

 formed in August, so that the union of the graft may take 

 place by the time the sap ceases to flow. Shield-budding in 

 the open air is perhaps the best mode of propagating this 

 shrub. We have succeeded in this way with C. rosea 

 umbiliculata. 



Clematis. 



Stock. — Piece of the root of the blue-flowered clematis. 

 Mode of Grafting. — Cleft-grafting on a fragment of root (in 

 May). (See page 126.) 



Remarks, — In preparing the fragment of root as a stock, be 



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