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THE AET OP 



careful to preserve the fibrous roots which issue from its 

 extremities. The scions should be young shoots of the current 

 year. About four leaves may be left upon them. After 

 grafting, the subjects are placed under a cloche or frame, with 

 the air excluded, and kept there till the union of the grafts is 

 proved by the shooting of the scions. They are then gradually 

 hardened off, as directed in the chapter on " Grafting under 

 Glass." 



The Quince. 



Stock. — Common quince ; quince of Angers (from cuttings 

 with a heel or hillock-layers). Mode of Grafting. — Shield- 

 budding (in July and August). Cutting- grafting ; cleft -grafting ; 

 the English method (in March) ; close to the ground. 



Remarks. — Shield-budding is performed on young stocks, 

 and not until the sap begins to decline. Should the stock be 

 of vigorous growth, its branches should be tied up as soon as 

 the graft is made. When the scion has made a shoot, it should 

 be fastened up against the heel or against a prop, as, if left to 

 itself, it would most probably break off at the graft. The heel 

 should be cut off before the fall of the leaves. In the Dutch 

 nurseries, and also in some French ones, we have seen the 

 quince grafted on the hawthorn, both close to the ground and 

 as half-standards. 



Cornel Tree. 



Stock. — Cornus mas (from seed). Mode of Grafting. — Side- 

 branch-grafting (see p. 68) under the bark (in July) ; close to 

 the ground, or as standards. 



Remarks. — For scions use shoots 3 or 4 inches long, having 

 at the base wood of two years old; also be careful not to 

 graft too late, as the sap of the cornel-tree soon goes to rest. 



Cotoneaster. 



Stock. — White hawthorn (from seed). Mode of Grafting. — 



